Biofuel Impact on Diesel Engine After-Treatment: Deactivation Mechanisms and Soot Reactivity

Iojoiu, Eduard Emil; Lauga, Vincent; Abboud, Johnny; Legros, Guillaume; Bonnety, Jérôme; Costa, Patrick Da; Schobing, Julie; Leyssens, Gontrand; Tschamber, Valérie; Anguita, Paola; Vargas, J. Garcia; Retailleau, L.; Gil, Sonia; Giroir‐Fendler, A.; Tarot, M.-L.; Can, Fabien; Duprez, Daniel; Courtois, Xavier

doi:10.1007/s40825-017-0079-x

Cited by 18 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 83 publications

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“…It was previously evidenced in [2] and [3] by FTIR analysis of OH stretching vibration that Na addition leads to a decrease in the amount of Brønsted acid sites on such catalysts. To the opposite, P additions do not affect bridged OH groups.…”

Section: Nh3 Adsorption Monitored By Ftirmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…The ferrierite structure zeolite (FER), which exhibits a channel system of 10 and 8 member rings, was selected to ensure a high hydrothermal stability. Two copper loadings were selected (2.8 wt% and 6.1 wt%) in order to obtain samples with mainly Cu 2+ species in exchanged position (denoted Cu(EX)-FER) or in extra network form (denoted Cu(EN)-FER) [2,3]. Cu(EX)-FER and Cu(EN)-FER catalysts exhibited similar specific surface areas at around 350 m²/g after hydrothermal treatment (600°C, 16 hours under 10 % O2, 10 % H2O into N2).…”

Section: Catalystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Besides, the migration of exchanged Cu to the expense of CuO formation was evidenced after Na impregnation in water. In another study, the influence of Na and/or P addition was investigated over a high loaded copper zeolite sample (containing mainly external CuO species) [3]. It was evidenced that the deactivation mechanisms generated by the minerals (Na or P) were different.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of Sodium and/or Phosphorus Addition on the Deactivation of Cu-FER Zeolites for SCR of NOx with NH3

et al. 2018

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This work investigates the effect of sodium and phosphorus on the DeNOx performances of model Cu-FER SCR catalysts with two copper loadings (2.8wt% and 6.1wt%). These inorganic elements, present in the Biodiesel fuels and lubricants, were added by wet-impregnation using two solvents: water or ethanol. Catalysts were evaluated in standard-SCR conditions as well as in NO and NH3 oxidation, and characterized by means of H2-TPR and NH3 adsorption monitored by FT-IR. It was evidenced that catalytic behaviors were highly influenced by the implemented impregnation route with a stronger impact of water as solvent. Whatever the studied catalysts, NH3 adsorption capacities decreased after addition of sodium and/or phosphorus. Interestingly, sodium and phosphorus acted differently on the poisoning of NH3 adsorption sites. Na mainly poisoned Brønsted acid sites and favored a back exchange with Cu 2+ species (especially when Na was added in water), while phosphorus directly interacted with copper species, mainly in exchange position. The deactivation observed at low temperature (250°C) was preferentially due to the decrease in NH3 adsorption together with the increase in the copper-phosphorus interaction, especially for copper species in exchange position.

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Section: Nh3 Adsorption Monitored By Ftirmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Catalystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of Sodium and/or Phosphorus Addition on the Deactivation of Cu-FER Zeolites for SCR of NOx with NH3

et al. 2018

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“…However, biodiesel contains mineral traces such as sodium, potassium or phosphorus, which are authorized in limited amounts (maximum of 5 and 4 ppm for Na+K and P, respectively, in European Union; EN 14214). Nevertheless, the intensive use of biodiesel as encountered for some captive fleets can induce detrimental effects to the whole catalytic after-treatment systems by means of mineral deposits, as recently reported [8]. It was demonstrated in particular that DOC poisoning was very disadvantageous to the SCR efficiency because of the deactivation in the NO oxidation into NO2.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Influence of Na, P and (Na + P) poisoning on a model copper-ferrierite NH3-SCR catalyst

Tarot

Iojoiu

Lauga

et al. 2019

Applied Catalysis B: Environmental

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To highlight the deactivation mechanisms encountered by minerals impurities from biodiesel, the effects caused by Na, P or (Na+P) additions were studied over a model Cu-FER catalyst. Na, P or (Na+P) were added by wet-impregnation in water in a wide concentration range up to 2 wt-%. The catalytic behaviors were evaluated by NH3/NO oxidation and standard/fast NH3-SCR reactions. In addition, a combination of several characterization techniques (ICP-AES, N2 adsorption/desorption, XRD, NH3-TPD, NO adsorption monitored by FTIR and H2-TPR) was applied to provide useful information regarding the deactivation mechanism caused by the minerals addition. Sodium and phosphorus interacted differently with the Cu-FER catalyst. Na addition induced a loss of Brønsted acid sites and a back-exchange of Cu 2+ with Na + , with formation of external CuO species, thus favoring the oxidation of NO and NH3. After phosphorus addition, the exchanged Cu 2+ species remained moderately affected, but direct interactions with copper were evidenced which were primarily responsible for catalyst deactivation toward the oxidation reactions. After equimolar addition of phosphorus and sodium, both Na and P effects were observed. For the NH3-SCR process, the ammonia adsorption ability, which depends on both acidity and copper units, appeared the main key parameter driving the catalytic activity at low temperature (T ≤ 250 °C). Phosphorus appeared to be the major responsible for catalyst deactivation after (Na+P) co-poisoning.

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“…This is due to the design of the particulate filter, which is a wall-flow filter with alternately plugged channels, in the inlet and outlet part of it, causing accumulation of ash, particulate matter and poisons mainly on the outlet part of the filter. The accumulation of poisons on the DOC and the DPF is, however, not only beneficial for the performance the SCR catalyst since the deactivation of these components will cause a decrease in NO 2 /NO x ratio [21], which in turns leads to a decreased capacity for NO x reduction in the SCR catalyst [22].…”

Section: Samplementioning

confidence: 99%

Deactivation of a Vanadium-Based SCR Catalyst Used in a Biogas-Powered Euro VI Heavy-Duty Engine Installation

et al. 2020

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We have investigated how the exhaust gases from a heavy-duty Euro VI engine, powered with biogas impact a vanadium-based selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst in terms of performance. A full Euro VI emission control system was used and the accumulation of catalyst poisons from the combustion was investigated for the up-stream particulate filter as well as the SCR catalyst. The NOx reduction performance in terms of standard, fast and NO2-rich SCR was evaluated before and after exposure to exhaust from a biogas-powered engine for 900 h. The SCR catalyst retains a significant part of its activity towards NOx reduction after exposure to biogas exhaust, likely due to capture of catalyst poisons on the up-stream components where the deactivation of the oxidation catalyst is especially profound. At lower temperatures some deactivation of the first part of the SCR catalyst was observed which could be explained by a considerably higher surface V4+/V5+ ratio for this sample compared to the other samples. The higher value indicates that the reoxidation of V4+ to V5+ is partially hindered, blocking the redox cycle for parts of the active sites.

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Biofuel Impact on Diesel Engine After-Treatment: Deactivation Mechanisms and Soot Reactivity

Cited by 18 publications

References 83 publications

Influence of Sodium and/or Phosphorus Addition on the Deactivation of Cu-FER Zeolites for SCR of NOx with NH3

Influence of Sodium and/or Phosphorus Addition on the Deactivation of Cu-FER Zeolites for SCR of NOx with NH3

Influence of Na, P and (Na + P) poisoning on a model copper-ferrierite NH3-SCR catalyst

Deactivation of a Vanadium-Based SCR Catalyst Used in a Biogas-Powered Euro VI Heavy-Duty Engine Installation

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