Biofuel production from palm oil with supercritical alcohols: Effects of the alcohol to oil molar ratios on the biofuel chemical composition and properties

Sawangkeaw, Ruengwit; Teeravitud, Sunsanee; Bunyakiat, Kunchana; Ngamprasertsith, Somkiat

doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2011.08.105

Cited by 51 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Ethyl palmitate (C16:0) and ethyl oleate (C18:1) were observed as the main components, which corresponded to the primary composition in Table 1. This observation indicates that the initially formed FAEEs can degrade with excessive reaction times at high temperature, as previously reported in the literature (Sawangkeaw et al, 2011;Imahara et al, 2008). In addition, it is evident that ethyl linoleate (C18:2) is more rapidly degraded, with a decline starting at 5 min of reaction time.…”

Section: Effect Of Reaction Timessupporting

confidence: 86%

“…Because a small amount of sample is available, this characteristic was analyzed using the simulated distillation gas chromatograph (ASTM D2887-14).This characteristic has an important effect on the safety and performance of the fuels and is directly related to the boiling point of the fuel composition. The results indicate that all of the biofuel samples had lower initial boiling points (IBPs) than the standard biodiesel (120 °C) because of the decomposition of FAEEs into the low-molecular-weight compounds, as proposed in previous studies (Sawangkeaw et al, 2011). Note that the low-molecular-weight could solve the cold start problem of biofuel.…”

Section: Effect Of Molar Ratiosupporting

confidence: 58%

“…However, the FFA do not significantly affect the supercritical transesterification with methanol and ethanol (Kusdiana and Saka, 2004;Tan et al, 2010;Vieitez et al, 2012). Under supercritical conditions, the FFA can be esterified to produce fatty acid alkyl ester, increasing the ester yield and process efficiency (Sawangkeaw et al, 2011). Furthermore, the amount of FFA in the feedstocks, approximately 10%, shows the catalytic activity, which results in higher conversions in SCM and SCE processes (Minami and Saka, 2006;Vieitez et al, 2012).The fast reaction rates of the simultaneous transesterification and esterification reactions were also reported in the biodiesel production from Jatropha curcas L. oil (>10% FFA) in SCE at the lowered operating conditions .…”

Section: Properties Of Rpo and Upomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The thermal cracking products are comprised of small compounds, i.e., alkane hydrocarbons in the range of C9-C10 as shown in Table 4 (see Section Reaction between glycerol and supercritical ethanol). Although the decomposition of FAEEs is not desirable in biodiesel production, some products, such as small hydrocarbons (C7-C14), could improve cold flow properties, density and viscosity, which was suggested for an additive for biofuel (Sawangkeaw et al, 2011).…”

Section: Effect Of Reaction Timesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In our previous study, a laboratory batch reactor was used in successful biofuel production from refined palm oil (RPO) using the SCA process at 400°C and 15 MPa (Sawangkeaw et al, 2011). This novel process was employed to resolve the problem of the high alcohol to oil molar ratio (>40:1) in the SCA process, which generated an environmental impact from the large energy input of preheating and recovering the alcohol (Kiwjaroun et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An entirely renewable biofuel production from used palm oil with supercritical ethanol at low molar ratio

Sakdasri

Sawangkeaw

Ngamprasertsith

2017

Braz. J. Chem. Eng.

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-The biofuel production from used palm oil (UPO) using supercritical ethanol (SCE) at low molar ratio was investigated in order to produce an entirely renewable fuel. The effects of the reaction time and ethanol to oil molar ratio were considered from 0.5 to 10 min and 6:1 to 18:1, respectively. The optimal parameters were 10 min and a 12:1 molar ratio, representing a remarkable reduction from 42:1 for the conventional SCE process. Because of the high operating temperature, the triglycerides conversion rate reached 99%, and the glycerides content met the international specification for biodiesel. However, an ester content of 70% was obtained at optimal conditions. The side reaction between glycerol and ethanol demonstrated a positive effect in increasing fuel yield by 8.15%. The product can be considered an alternative biofuel instead of biodiesel.

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Section: Effect Of Reaction Timessupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Effect Of Molar Ratiosupporting

confidence: 58%

Section: Properties Of Rpo and Upomentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Effect Of Reaction Timesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

An entirely renewable biofuel production from used palm oil with supercritical ethanol at low molar ratio

Sakdasri

Sawangkeaw

Ngamprasertsith

2017

Braz. J. Chem. Eng.

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Response surface methodology for the optimization of biofuel production at a low molar ratio of supercritical methanol to used palm olein oil

Sakdasri

Sawangkeaw

Ngamprasertsith

2016

Asia-Pacific J Chem Eng

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A large energy input for preheating and recovering of high excess alcohols used are the main issue in the supercritical methanol (SCM) process. This work demonstrated the production of biofuel from used palm olein oil in SCM using a low methanol to oil molar ratio. The effects of the operating temperature (350–400 °C), methanol to oil molar ratio (9:1–12:1), and reaction time (2–10 min), and their reciprocal interactions were evaluated using a central composite design. The optimum process conditions were determined to be a temperature of 395 °C, methanol to oil molar ratio of 12:1, and reaction time of approximately 9 min through the use of response surface methodology. The modified quadratic regression model demonstrated that the triglyceride conversion (%XTG) and methyl ester content (%FAME) were sensitive to changes in the operating temperature and reaction time, while the effect of the methanol to oil molar ratio was minimal. Under the optimal operating conditions, the predicted values of %XTG and %FAME were 100% and 63.67%, respectively, which were in good agreement with the experimental values. The fuel properties of biofuel obtained from optimal conditions were examined and then compared to American and European standards for biodiesel. © 2016 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Technical and Economic Analysis of Conventional and Supercritical Transesterification for Biofuel Production

et al. 2020

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The transesterification process with potassium hydroxide (KOH) catalyst and the methanol supercritical process were evaluated by Aspen HYSYS software. Castor oil and methanol were used as feed and alcohol. In order to accomplish verification, the simulation results were compared to a laboratory research. For economic analysis, these results were transferred to Aspen Economic Analyzer software. Piping and process equipment cost were calculated for the two processes. Additionally, direct and indirect costs of these processes were estimated.

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Biofuel production from palm oil with supercritical alcohols: Effects of the alcohol to oil molar ratios on the biofuel chemical composition and properties

Cited by 51 publications

References 27 publications

An entirely renewable biofuel production from used palm oil with supercritical ethanol at low molar ratio

An entirely renewable biofuel production from used palm oil with supercritical ethanol at low molar ratio

Response surface methodology for the optimization of biofuel production at a low molar ratio of supercritical methanol to used palm olein oil

Technical and Economic Analysis of Conventional and Supercritical Transesterification for Biofuel Production

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