Biofuel Recovery from Plantain and Banana Plant Wastes: Integration of Biochemical and Thermochemical Approach

Abstract

Globally, fossil fuel dependence has created several environmental challenges and climate change. Hence, creating other alternative renewable and ecologically friendly bio-energy sources is necessary. Lignocellulosic biomass has gained significant attention recently as a renewable material for biofuel production. The large amounts of plantain and banana plant parts wasted after harvesting, as well as the peels generated daily by the fruit market and industries, demonstrate the potential of bioenergy resources. This review briefly assesses plantain and banana plant biomass (PBB) generated in the developing, developed, and underdeveloped countries, the consumable parts, and feasible products yield. It emphasized the advantages and disadvantages of the commonly adopted treatment technologies of composting, incineration, and landfilling. Further, the utilization of PBB as catalysts in biodiesel synthesis was briefly highlighted. To optimize recovery of biofuel, different integration routes of pyrolysis, anaerobic digestion, fermentation, hydrothermal carbonization, hydrothermal liquefaction, and hydrothermal gasification for the valorization of the PBB were proposed. The complex compounds present in the PBB (hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin) can be converted into valuable bio-products such as methane gas and bio-ethanol for bioenergy, and nutrients to promote bioactive ingredients. The investigation of the viability and innovation potential of the integrated routes' technology is necessary to improve the circular bio-economy and the recovery of biofuels from biomass waste, particularly PBB.

Evaluation of the Thermal Energy Potential of Waste Products from Fruit Preparation and Processing Industry

“…Table 2 shows the most important parameters of the tested materials in terms of their energy generation potential. According to the assumptions and results of similar studies [15,[33][34][35][36][37][38] the materials containing seeds with oils (Sea-buckthorn, grape vine pomace and grape vine seed cake) have the highest LHV. Almond seed coat also has a statistically similar high LHV, although it does not contain seeds.…”

Eco-Friendly Motorcycle Technology: Examining the Impact of Banana Peel-Based Catalytic Converters on CO Emissions with Biogasoline Fuel

“…In an effort to reduce dependence on fuel oil and face the energy crisis, Indonesia has developed biogasoline as an alternative to energy. The use of bananas as raw materials in the development of biogasoline has great potential considering that Indonesia is the largest banana producer in Asia [13]. The foundation for the development of alternative energy, such as biogasoline, to counteract the decline of fossil fuel reserves is the Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources' Regulation Number 12 of 2015 [14].…”