Biofuels: An Overview With Special Emphasis on Biodiesel and The Role of Lipase Enzyme in its Synthesis

Mangla, Vikas; Ravi, Bhavya; Mehra, Shobha; Mehrotra, Santosh; Mehrotra, Rajesh

doi:10.2174/2212796811206020104

Cited by 4 publications

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“…They are widely used as industrial catalysts, in the detergent, food and leather industries. Increasing demand in recent years to move away from petrochemical-based industrial processes to more environmentally friendly, bio-based industrial processes is a contributing factor in the increasing interest to utilize lipolytic enzymes in various other industries like pulp and paper, textile, cosmetics industries and biodiesel production ( Awaji et al, 1998 ; Schmid and Verger, 1998 ; Barron et al, 1999 ; Mangla et al, 2013 ; Sharma and Kanwar, 2014 ). The industrial relevance of lipases is part due to their unique set of versatile characteristics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of ML-005, a Novel Metaproteomics-Derived Esterase

2018

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A novel gene encoding for a lipolytic enzyme, designated ML-005, was recently identified using a functional metaproteomics approach. We heterologously expressed this protein in Escherichia coli and biochemically characterized it. ML-005 exhibited lipolytic activity toward short-chained substrates with the preferred substrate being p-nitrophenyl-butyrate, suggesting that ML-005 is an esterase. According to homology analysis and site-directed mutagenesis, the catalytic triad of the enzyme was identified as Ser-99, Asp-164, and His-191. Its optimal pH was determined to be at pH 8. Optimal activity was observed at 45°C. It also exhibited temperature, pH and salt tolerance. Residual relative activity after incubating at 50–60°C for 360 min was above 80% of its initial activity. It showed tolerance over a broad range of pH (5–12) and retained most of its initial activity. Furthermore, incubating ML-005 in 1 – 5M NaCl solution had negligible effect on its activity. DTT, EDTA, and ß-mercaptoethanol had no significant effect on ML-005’s activity. However, addition of PMSF led to almost complete inactivation consistent with ML-005 being a serine hydrolase. ML-005 remains stable in the presence of a range of metal ions, but addition of Cu2+ significantly reduces its relative activity. Organic solvents have an inhibitory effect on ML-005, but it retained 21% of activity in 10% methanol. SDS had the most pronounced inhibitory effect on ML-005 among all detergents tested and completely inactivated it. Furthermore, the Vmax of ML-005 was determined to be 59.8 μM/min along with a Km of 137.9 μM. The kcat of ML-005 is 26 s-1 and kcat/Km is 1.88 × 105 M-1 s-1.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of ML-005, a Novel Metaproteomics-Derived Esterase

2018

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“…Awareness and public concerns on their daily and recreational activities that affects the environment are now more discussed [1]. This is evident in recent studies where every day wastes from shrimp shells, egg shells and even chicken fats are further explored and investigated for the advanced material syntheses [2][3][4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Coal ash contains silica (SiO2) and previous work reported good interaction of silica with polar rubber with functional groups such as CR [4][5][6][7][8][9]. The drawback is having poor dispersion with the rubber matrices due to absorption between the curatives and silanol groups.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Coal ash from electric power plants have long research history. Numerous studies have been conducted to engineer alternative usage of coal ash especially fly ash in order to reduce traditional disposal methods that have detrimental effects to the environment [4]. Another source of coal ash is from recreational activities such as barbecuing and grilling.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Different Waste Coal Ash (WCA) Loading to Dynamic Load Application of Chloroprene Rubber

Maulod¹,

Mohamad²,

Razak³

et al. 2020

MJCSM

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This study seeks to address the effect of waste coal ash collected from burnt charcoal after human recreational activities to the chloroprene rubber's dynamic property specifically in cyclic load. Waste coal ash was chosen due to their availability, low cost, and recyclability. The waste coal ash was incorporated into chloroprene rubber via melt compounding process using an internal mixer. The compounding formulation of the chloroprene rubber compound and coal ash were based on 100 phr of the chloroprene rubber. The loading of waste coal ash were varied at 5, 10, 20, 30 and 40 phr. Waste coal ash exhibits the highest reinforcing property at 40 phr loading. The fatigue test was done to determine the peak stress value and stress softening effect and found that at 5 -30 phr waste coal ash had a detrimental effect on CR compound while at 40phr, the rubber compound exhibit positive result with an increase of 30% of the peak stress. Morphological study using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed degrees of agglomeration of the waste coal ash in the chloroprene rubber matrices. The dispersion of waste coal ash agglomerates and morphology of failures were in good agreement with the observed dynamic properties.

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