Biofunctionalization of magnetite nanoparticles with stevioside: effect on the size and thermal behaviour for use in hyperthermia applications

Abstract

Controlling the magnetic properties of a nanoparticle efficiently via its particle size to achieve optimized heat under alternating magnetic field is the central point for magnetic hyperthermia-mediated cancer therapy (MHCT). Here, we have shown the successful use of stevioside (a natural plant-based glycoside) as a promising biosurfactant to control the magnetic properties of Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles by controlling the particle size. The biocompatibility and cellular uptake efficiency by rat C6 glioma cells and calorimetric magnetic hyperthermia profile of the nanoparticles were further examined. Our finding suggests superior properties of stevioside-coated magnetite nanoparticles in comparison to polysorbate-80 and oleic acid coated nanomagnets as far as particle size reduction, biocompatibility, hyperthermic effect, and cellular uptake by the glioblastoma cancer cells are concerned. The stevioside-coated nanomagnets exhibiting the maximum temperature rise were further investigated as heating agents in in vitro magnetic hyperthermia experiments (405 kHz, 168 Oe), showing their efficacy to induce cell death of rat C6 glioma cells after 30 min at a target temperature T ¼ 43 C.

Therapeutic Efficiency of Multiple Applications of Magnetic Hyperthermia Technique in Glioblastoma Using Aminosilane Coated Iron Oxide Nanoparticles: In Vitro and In Vivo Study

“…In addition, the MHT therapeutic process was evaluated through glucose metabolism using PET/CT before and after all the MHT process at 13 and 22 days of tumor induction. The behavioral analysis was performed at 0, 7,14,16,19,24, and 32 days. In Vivo MHT Therapeutic Process The MHT therapeutic process was evaluated with one, two and three applications at 14, 17, and 20 days after glioblastoma tumor induction ( Figure 10).…”

“…The MHT therapeutic efficiency was evaluated by BLI signal of tumor mass at 13 days after tumor induction (before MHT application, control measurement) and at 16,19, and 22 days that correspond to 2 days after each MHT application. In addition, the BLI evaluation was also performed after 12 days of the third MHT application (at 32nd day) in all groups, allowing comparative analysis between groups and their respective controls ( Figure 10).…”

“…Aminosilane also display low toxicity and has been widely used in the construction of complex and multifunctional drug delivery systems [12]. Some important characteristics of SPION coated with aminosilane (SPIONa) for the MHT application is their higher uptake by cells [9], their previous implication in preclinical studies [13][14][15][16][17], and referenced use in several phase I and II clinical trials [18][19][20][21].…”

“…MHT therapy outcome evaluation has been reported by different approaches using conventional techniques as follows: trypan blue [19,32,33], MTT [19,[34][35][36], tunnel assay [32], live/dead assay [37,38], and Western blot [32] that in most cases have limitations for longitudinal analysis.…”

Nano-Therapies for Glioblastoma Treatment

“…Magnetic hyperthermia (MHT), in which magnetic nanoparticles are excited by an alternating magnetic field, producing localized nanoparticle heating, leading to anti-GBM efficacy in various GBM models (i.e., cellular, pre-clinical, and clinical ones) [98,99].…”