Biogas reforming process investigation for SOFC application

Thermoelectric characterization of an intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cell system directly fed by dry biogas

“…In some of these articles [26][27][28]30,33] the biogas is converted to hydrogen rich gas by partial oxidation, steam and dry reforming mixing it with different reforming gas (steam, oxygen and carbon dioxide) out the fuel cell, while in other articles [29,31,32] the biogas is converted to hydrogen rich gas by the same chemical processes inside the fuel cell. In both modes the reforming gas must be available at high temperature and in sufficient quantity to reduce the carbonation phenomena, resulting in higher thermal energy consumption and fuel cell system complexity.…”

“…In them the performance of SOFC systems with anaerobic digester, SOFC and [26,27], of SOFC systems with gas turbine and absorption chiller [28,29,31] and of an SOFC system with anaerobic digester [31] and with a trireformer external to the anode with contemporary partial oxidation, steam and dry reforming [30,33].…”

Kinetic model of a plate fin heat exchanger with catalytic coating as a steam reformer of methane, biogas, and dimethyl ether

“…Several previous studies demonstrated that various types of fuels can be converted into hydrogen‐rich gas without using an external fuel processor . In order to prevent the accelerated degradation, operation in DIR‐SOFC mode requires additional means to control temperature distribution at the level of the single cell and the complete stack . For that reason, external fuel processors are commonly used to generate gas in order to supply the anodic compartments of fuel cell stacks.…”

“…[8][9][10][11] In order to prevent the accelerated degradation, operation in DIR-SOFC mode requires additional means to control temperature distribution at the level of the single cell and the complete stack. [12][13][14][15][16] For that reason, external fuel processors are commonly used to generate gas in order to supply the anodic compartments of fuel cell stacks.The steam reforming reaction can take place at moderate temperatures in the range 25°C to 400°C or in the temperature range of the SOFC stack: 700°C to 850°C. The former requires thermal separation of the reforming unit from the fuel cell stack, while the latter allows for a high level of thermal integration of the stream reformer…”

Dealing with fuel contaminants in biogas-fed solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) and molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC) plants: Degradation of catalytic and electro-catalytic active surfaces and related gas purification methods

“…High temperature (> 600°C) reforming with a steam-to-carbon ratio equal or higher than 2 is required to provide a good feed conversion without coke formation [78][79][80]. Nickel-based catalysts have been already investigated for biogas steam reforming [81][82][83].…”