Biogenesis, characterization, and functions of mirtrons

Salim, Uzma; Kumar, Ashish; Kulshreshtha, Ritu; Vivekanandan, Perumal

doi:10.1002/wrna.1680

Cited by 47 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 84 publications

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“…Upon splicing of introns from transcribed RNAs, the processing of pri-miRNAs and pre-miRNAs is preceded by linearization of intron lariat by debranching enzymes. While it was originally thought that mirtrons are Drosophila and C. elegans specific pathways further studies found mirtrons throughout the animal kingdom ( Siomi and Siomi, 2010 ; Salim et al, 2021 ). There are also miRNAs that are dicer-independent, but rely on the nuclear canonical machinery for miRNA biogenesis usually through cluster assistance, which will be discussed in detail in the next section ( Fang and Bartel, 2020 ; Shang et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Mirna Biogenesis In Eukaryotesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulation of miRISC-Mediated Gene Silencing in Eukaryotes

Jungers

Djuranović

2022

Front. Mol. Biosci.

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Gene expression is regulated at multiple levels in eukaryotic cells. Regulation at the post-transcriptional level is modulated by various trans-acting factors that bind to specific sequences in the messenger RNA (mRNA). The binding of different trans factors influences various aspects of the mRNA such as degradation rate, translation efficiency, splicing, localization, etc. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short endogenous ncRNAs that combine with the Argonaute to form the microRNA-induced silencing complex (miRISC), which uses base-pair complementation to silence the target transcript. RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) contribute to post-transcriptional control by influencing the mRNA stability and translation upon binding to cis-elements within the mRNA transcript. RBPs have been shown to impact gene expression through influencing the miRISC biogenesis, composition, or miRISC-mRNA target interaction. While there is clear evidence that those interactions between RBPs, miRNAs, miRISC and target mRNAs influence the efficiency of miRISC-mediated gene silencing, the exact mechanism for most of them remains unclear. This review summarizes our current knowledge on gene expression regulation through interactions of miRNAs and RBPs.

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Section: Mirna Biogenesis In Eukaryotesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulation of miRISC-Mediated Gene Silencing in Eukaryotes

Jungers

Djuranović

2022

Front. Mol. Biosci.

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“…In contrast, an incomplete binding will result in mRNA translational repression. The non-canonical miRNAs are located in the intron region of the genes and are known as the mirtrons [18]. The splicing mechanism directly produces the stem-loop pre-miRNAs during the mRNA processing, thus bypassing the microprocessor complex of Drosha/DGCR8 processing.…”

Section: Micrornas and Hscsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Noncoding RNAs Interactions in Hepatic Stellate Cells during Hepatic Fibrosis

Sulaiman¹,

Dorairaj²,

Ghafar³

et al. 2021

Livers

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Hepatic fibrosis is a reversible wound healing process following liver injury. Although this process is necessary for maintaining liver integrity, severe excessive extracellular matrix accumulation (ECM) could lead to permanent scar formation and destroy the liver structure. The activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) is a key event in hepatic fibrosis. Previous studies show that most antifibrotic therapies focus on the apoptosis of HSCs and the prevention of HSC activation. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) play a substantial role in HSC activation and are likely to be biomarkers or therapeutic targets for the treatment of hepatic fibrosis. This review summarizes and discusses the previously reported ncRNAs, including the microRNAs, long noncoding RNAs, and circular RNAs, highlighting their regulatory roles and interactions in the signaling pathways that regulate HSC activation in hepatic fibrosis.

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“…MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small single-stranded RNAs. MiRNAs recognize miRNA response elements (MREs) on 3 UTR of mRNA and silence target genes through repressing mRNA translation or degrading the mRNA (Cheng et al, 2015;Salim et al, 2021). LncRNAs contain MREs and can use MREs to bind miRNAs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long Non-coding RNAs and Circular RNAs: Insights Into Microglia and Astrocyte Mediated Neurological Diseases

Chen

Lai

Wang

et al. 2021

Front. Mol. Neurosci.

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Microglia and astrocytes maintain tissue homeostasis in the nervous system. Both microglia and astrocytes have pro-inflammatory phenotype and anti-inflammatory phenotype. Activated microglia and activated astrocytes can contribute to several neurological diseases. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs), two groups of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), can function as competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) to impair the microRNA (miRNA) inhibition on targeted messenger RNAs (mRNAs). LncRNAs and circRNAs are involved in various neurological disorders. In this review, we summarized that lncRNAs and circRNAs participate in microglia dysfunction, astrocyte dysfunction, neuron damage, and inflammation. Thereby, lncRNAs and circRNAs can positively or negatively regulate neurological diseases, including spinal cord injury (SCI), traumatic brain injury (TBI), ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), stroke, neuropathic pain, epilepsy, Parkinson’s disease (PD), multiple sclerosis (MS), and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Besides, we also found a lncRNA/circRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory network in microglia and astrocyte mediated neurological diseases. Through this review, we hope to cast light on the regulatory mechanisms of lncRNAs and circRNAs in microglia and astrocyte mediated neurological diseases and provide new insights for neurological disease treatment.

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Biogenesis, characterization, and functions of mirtrons

Cited by 47 publications

References 84 publications

Modulation of miRISC-Mediated Gene Silencing in Eukaryotes

Modulation of miRISC-Mediated Gene Silencing in Eukaryotes

Noncoding RNAs Interactions in Hepatic Stellate Cells during Hepatic Fibrosis

Long Non-coding RNAs and Circular RNAs: Insights Into Microglia and Astrocyte Mediated Neurological Diseases

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