Biogenic Formaldehyde: Content and Heat Generation in the Wood of Three Tree Species

Tasooji, Mohammad; Wan, Guigui; Lewis, George Henry; Wise, Heather; Frazier, Charles E.

doi:10.1021/acssuschemeng.7b00240

Cited by 20 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Additionally, the emission rates were higher from the wood with higher MC. This is in line with earlier studies, where it has been noticed that higher MC promotes formaldehyde emissions from wood 51‐54 . Moreover, it has been shown by experimental and theoretical studies that emission rate of formaldehyde is positively related to both temperature and humidity 55 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

The effects of paints and moisture content on the indoor air emissions from pinewood ( Pinus sylvestris ) boards

et al. 2021

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The emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from building materials may significantly contribute to indoor air pollution, and VOCs have been associated with odor annoyance and adverse health effects. Wood materials together with coatings are commonly used indoors for furniture and large surfaces such as walls, floors, and ceilings. This leads to high surface‐to‐volume ratios, and therefore, these materials may participate remarkably to the VOC levels of indoor environment. We studied emissions of VOCs and carbonyl compounds from pinewood (Pinus sylvestris) boards of 10% and 16% moisture contents (MC) with three paints using small‐scale test chambers (27 L). The emissions from uncoated pinewood and paints (on a glass substrate) were tested as references. The 28‐day experiment showed that the VOC emissions from uncoated pinewood were lower from sample with 16% MC. Painted pinewood samples showed lower emissions compared to paints on glass substrate. Additionally, paints on 16% MC pinewood exhibited lower emissions than on drier 10% MC wood. The emissions from painted pinewood samples were dominated by paint‐based compounds, but the share of wood‐based compounds increased over time. However, we noticed differences between the paints, and wood‐based emissions were clearly higher with the most permeable paint.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

The effects of paints and moisture content on the indoor air emissions from pinewood ( Pinus sylvestris ) boards

et al. 2021

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“…Furthermore, heating with high moisture levels produced more formaldehyde than from dry specimens. Radiata pine generated the highest levels of formaldehyde when heated, far exceeding the other species studied (Tasooji et al 2017). In another study, it was shown that formaldehyde emissions from pine wood chips before processing (ie cutting) were 25% lower than the emission from wood particles after processing, which was 4.6% of the emission permitted for E1-class products (Boruszewski et al 2011).…”

Section: Presence Of Oxidizing Agentsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Volatile Organic Compounds Emitted From Untreated and Thermally Modified Wood - A Review

Pohleven

Burnard

Kutnar

2019

WFS

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Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are a diverse group of compounds that can have a strong impact on indoor air quality. Wood and thermally modified wood emit VOCs, which are referred to as wood VOCs, and can elicit various negative or positive effects in different organisms, including humans. Wood is a complex multicomponent biopolymer with inherent variability, which is also reflected in the emissions of VOCs. Variability in wood VOC emissions has been attributed to endogenous and exogenous factors, such as wood species, type of wood sample, wood treatment, etc. Nevertheless, studies have reported reasonably consistent results regarding VOC emissions from individual (thermally modified) wood species. Softwoods emit the highest concentrations of wood VOCs composed primarily of volatile terpene emissions (70-90%) and lower concentrations of hexanal and acetic acid (10-25%). VOC emissions from hardwoods are considerably lower (approximately 50 times) and include hexanal and pentanal, acetic acid, as well as other VOCs formed during wood degradation processes, but not volatile terpenes. Total VOC emissions from softwoods are reduced following thermal treatment, whereas emissions are increased from hardwoods after thermal treatment. In thermally

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“…Older trees contain more extractives than younger ones; especially, the extractives content of heartwood is higher in older trees than in younger ones [23,[42][43][44]. Experiments of Miranda et al [45], Morais and Pereira [46], and Tasooji et al [47] showed that heartwood, in general, contains significantly more extractives than the surrounding sapwood. Other parts like knots (the part of the branches inside the stem) or the bark contain even more and different accessory compounds [48][49][50].…”

Section: Content and Classificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Removal of wood extractives as pulp (pre-)treatment: a technological review

2021

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Wood extractives usually do not exceed five percent of dry wood mass but can be a serious issue for pulping as well as for the pulp itself. They cause contamination and damages to process equipment and negatively influence pulp quality. This paper addresses not only the extractives-related problems but also different solutions for these issues. It is an extensive review of different technologies for removing wood extractives, starting with methods prior to pulping. Several wood yard operations like debarking, knot separation, and wood seasoning are known to significantly decreasing the amount of wood extractives. Biological treatment has also been proven as a feasible method for reducing the extractives content before pulping, but quite hard to handle. During pulping, the extractives reduction efficiency depends on the pulping method. Mechanical pulping removes the accessory compounds of wood just slightly, but chemical pulping, on the other hand, removes them to a large extent. Organosolv pulping even allows almost complete removal of wood extractives. The residual extractives content can be significantly reduced by pulp bleaching. Nevertheless, different extraction-based methods have been developed for removing wood extractives before pulping or bleaching. They range from organic-solvent-based extractions to novel processes like supercritical fluid extractions, ionic liquids extractions, microwave technology, and ultrasonic-assisted extraction. Although these methods deliver promising results and allow utilization of wood extractives in most cases, they suffer from many drawbacks towards an economically viable industrial-scale design, concluding that further research has to be done on these topics. Graphical abstract

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Biogenic Formaldehyde: Content and Heat Generation in the Wood of Three Tree Species

Cited by 20 publications

References 18 publications

The effects of paints and moisture content on the indoor air emissions from pinewood ( Pinus sylvestris ) boards

The effects of paints and moisture content on the indoor air emissions from pinewood ( Pinus sylvestris ) boards

Volatile Organic Compounds Emitted From Untreated and Thermally Modified Wood - A Review

Removal of wood extractives as pulp (pre-)treatment: a technological review

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