Biogenic green synthesis of monodispersed gum kondagogu (Cochlospermum gossypium) iron nanocomposite material and its application in germination and growth of mung bean (Vigna radiata) as a plant model

Abstract

An eco-friendly green and one-pot synthesis of highly monodispersed iron (Fe) nanoparticles (NPs) by using a natural biopolymer, gum kondagogu (GK) as reducing and capping agent is proposed. The NPs synthesised were characterised by ultra-violet-visible spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. As the concentration of gum and time increases, the intensity of NPs formation increased. The NPs were highly monodispersed with uniform circular shapes of 2-6 nm in size. The formed NPs were crystalline in nature which was confirmed by diffraction analysis. The conversion ratio of Fe ionic form to NPs was 21% which was quantified by inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS). Fe is essential for plant growth and development. A study was conducted to examine the effect of these NPs on the growth of mung bean (Vigna radiata). The radical length and biomass was increased in seeds exposed to Fe NPs than the ions. The uptake of Fe NPs by the sprouts was also quantified by ICP-MS, in which Fe was more in mung bean seeds exposed to NPs. The α-amylase activity was increased in the seeds exposed to NPs. The observed increase in the biomass by Fe NPs and seed germination may facilitate its application in the agriculture as an important cost-effective method for plant growth.

Synthesis, characterisation and anti‐tumour activity of biopolymer based platinum nanoparticles and 5‐fluorouracil loaded platinum nanoparticles

“…The proximate analysis indicates that it has high-volatile acidity and water-binding capacity. Hitherto, various metal NPs have been synthesised using GK such as silver, gold, platinum [25], palladium [27], copper [28], and iron [29]. This is the first report to study the influence of concentration of GK (0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1%), Pt ions (0.25, 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2 mM), pH (2, 4, 6, 8 and 10) and different temperature variation treatments such as heating (100°C), autoclaving (121°C and 15 psi), microwave assisted (200-800 W), sonication (58 kHz) and metabolic shaker water bath (200 rpm, 50°C) in the synthesis of GK-based PtNPs.…”

A study on influence of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) on green gram (Vigna radiata L.) and earthworm (Eudrilus eugeniae L.)

“…The presence of Fe in control must be the natural mineral composition in the seeds. Raju et al (2016) have also used Vigna radiata as the plant model to study the effect of iron oxide nanoparticles and detected the uptake of iron oxide nanoparticles by the plant tissue through ICP-MS analysis.…”

Nanoparticles based on essential metals and their phytotoxicity

“…The next study was conducted to examine the effect FeNPs (prepared by reduction with a gum kondagogu) on the growth of a mung bean ( V. radiata ). The radical length and biomass was increased in seeds exposed to FeNPs in comparison with the ions [78]. In the following study, the uptake of iron oxide (Fe 2 O 3 ) nanoparticles by spinach ( Spinacea oleracea ) via hydroponics was demonstrated and its effects on the growth rate and productivity of the spinach plant were examined.…”

“…Fe 2 O 3 NPs can replace traditional Fe fertilizers in the cultivation of peanut plants[77] Vigna radiata FeNPs 2–6 nm+0.2% gum, +0.4% gum1 mM Fe 2+ ionsNatural biopolymer gum kondagogu as reducing and capping agent was usedThe radical length and biomass was increased in seeds exposed to Fe NPs in comparison to Fe 2+ ions. The α-amylase activity was increased in the seeds exposed to Fe NPs[78] Spinacea oleracea α-Fe 2 O 3 50 nm100, 150, 200 mg kg −1 of soilExperiments were performed in a solid hydroponic medium consisting of sawdust and coco peat and adequate amounts of waterPositive effects on spinach plant due to uptake of Fe 2 O 3 nanoparticles such as increase in stem and root lengths, biomass production and magnetic properties were observed[19] Lactuca sativa Core–shell NPs Fe/Fe 3 O 4 13/9 nm10, 20 mg L −1 15-days treatment of hydroponically grown lettuceThe nano-Fe/Fe 3 O 4 at 10 and 20 mg L −1 and FeSO 4 ·7H 2 O at 10 mg L −1 did not affect lettuce growth and chlorophyll content[71] Vigna unguiculata <100 nm25, 500 mg L −1 The elements were applied 56 and 72 days after sowing over the leaves, and data was collected after day 85Iron had significant effect on yield, leaf Fe content, stem Mg content, plasma membrane stability, and chlorophyll content, probably as a result of more efficient photosynthesis[79] Glycine max γ-Fe 2 O 3 (IONPS) and citrate coated IONPs 6 nm500, 1000 mg L −1 Plant physiological performance was assessed after foliar and soil IONPs fertilizationIONPs produced a significant positive effect on root elongation. IONPs-Cit significantly enhanced photosynthetic parameters when sprayed foliarly.…”