Biogenic Nanoparticle‒Chitosan Conjugates with Antimicrobial, Antibiofilm, and Anticancer Potentialities: Development and Characterization

Abstract

In the 21st century, with ever-increasing consciousness and social awareness, researchers must tackle the microbial infections that pose a major threat to human safety. For many reasons, the emergence/re-emergence of threatening pathogens has increased and poses a serious challenge to health care services. Considering the changing dynamics of 21st-century materials with medical potentialities, the integration of bioactive agents into materials to engineer antibacterial matrices has received limited attention so far. Thus, antimicrobial active conjugates are considered potential candidates to eradicate infections and reduce microbial contaminations in healthcare facilities. In this context, eco-friendly and novel conjugates with antimicrobial, antibiofilm, and anticancer potentialities were developed using biogenic silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from Convolvulus arvensis (C. arvensis) extract and chitosan (CHI). A range of instrumental and imaging tools, i.e., UV-Vis and FTIR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDX), and X-ray diffraction (XRD), were employed to characterize the freshly extracted C. arvensis AgNPs. Biogenic AgNPs obtained after a 24-h reaction period were used to engineer CHI-based conjugates and designated as CHI‒AgNPs1 to CHI‒AgNPs5, subject to the C. arvensis AgNPs concentration. After the stipulated loading period, 92% loading efficiency (LE) was recorded for a CHI‒AgNPs3 conjugate. Gram+ and Gram- bacterial isolates, i.e., Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli, were used to test the antibacterial activities of newly developed CHI‒AgNPs conjugates. In comparison to the control sample with bacterial cell count 1.5 × 108 CFU/mL, a notable reduction in the log values was recorded for the CHI‒AgNPs3 conjugate. The antibiofilm potential of CHI‒AgNPs conjugates was tested against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Moreover, the CHI‒AgNPs3 conjugate also showed substantial cytotoxicity against the MCF-7 (breast cancer) cell line. In summary, the newly engineered CHI‒AgNPs conjugates with antibacterial, antibiofilm, and anticancer potentialities are potential candidate materials for biomedical applications.

Flacourtia indica based biogenic nanoparticles: development, characterization, and bioactivity against wound associated pathogens

“…These plant extracts are used as reducing as well as a capping agent for the AgNPs fabrication. Recently, plants of the Flacourtiaceae family have gained much attention in the fabrication of AgNPs, owing to its wide medicinal applications for the cure of conditions such as diarrhea, fever and intestinal worms [31,32]. Anti-microbial activity of biogenic AgNPs makes them potential candidates for water filtration plants, food industries and textiles [33].…”

Tannic acid-modified silver nanoparticles enhance anti-Acanthamoeba activity without increasing cytotoxicity of the contact lens solutions

“…Biosynthesis of AgNPs with the plant extract of Salvia spinosa resulted in increased bactericidal activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria [49]. Novel conjugates using biogenic AgNPs from Convolvulus arvensi extract and chitosan showed anti-microbial, anti-bio lm, and anti-cancer potentialities [50]. Extract of Oscillatoria limnetica conjugated with silver nanoparticles exhibited strong anti-bacterial activity against multidrug-resistant bacteria as well as cytotoxic effects against both human breast cell line and human colon cancer cell line [51].…”

Tannic acid-modified silver nanoparticles enhance anti-Acanthamoeba activity without increasing cytotoxicity of three multipurpose contact lens solutions

“…Biosynthesis of AgNPs with the plant extract of Salvia spinosa resulted in increased bactericidal activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria [51]. Novel conjugates using biogenic AgNPs from Convolvulus arvensi extract and chitosan showed anti-microbial, anti-bio lm, and anti-cancer potentialities [52]. Extract of Oscillatoria limnetica conjugated with silver nanoparticles exhibited strong anti-bacterial activity against multidrug-resistant bacteria as well as cytotoxic effects against both human breast cancer cell line and human colon cancer cell line [53].…”