Biogenic nanoparticles: a comprehensive perspective in synthesis, characterization, application and its challenges

Abstract

Background Translating the conventional scientific concepts into a new robust invention is a much needed one at a present scenario to develop some novel materials with intriguing properties. Particles in nanoscale exhibit superior activity than their bulk counterpart. This unique feature is intensively utilized in physical, chemical, and biological sectors. Each metal is holding unique optical properties that can be utilized to synthesize metallic nanoparticles. At present, versatile nanoparticles were synthesized through chemical and biological methods. Main body of abstract Metallic nanoparticles pose numerous scientific merits and have promising industrial applications. But concerning the pros and cons of metallic nanoparticle synthesis methods, researchers elevate to drive the synthesis process of nanoparticles through the utilization of plant resources as a substitute for use of chemicals and reagents under the theme of green chemistry. These synthesized nanoparticles exhibit superior antimicrobial, anticancer, larvicidal, leishmaniasis, wound healing, antioxidant, and as a sensor. Therefore, the utilization of such conceptualized nanoparticles in treating infectious and environmental applications is a warranted one. Conclusion Green chemistry is a keen prudence method, in which bioresources is used as a template for the synthesis of nanoparticles. Therefore, in this review, we exclusively update the context of plant-based metallic nanoparticle synthesis, characterization, and applications in detailed coverage. Hopefully, our review will be modernizing the recent trends going on in metallic nanoparticles synthesis for the blooming research fraternities. Graphical abstract

Biogenic Selenium Nanoparticles: A Fine Characterization to Unveil Their Thermodynamic Stability

“…Micrococcus sp. produced spherical and highly regular SeNPs, which were surrounded or embedded by a material with low electron emission yield deriving from bacterial cells (Figure 2a,a1), being in line with most of the previous reports on biogenic NMs [10,27]. Although biogenic SeNPs featured an average diameter of 149 ± 34 nm, which is beyond the classical nanorange (1-100 nm), the arising of unique physical-chemical (i.e., exciton resonance) properties of these NMs allow their consideration as NPs per sè [28].…”

“…Micrococcus sp. produced spherical and highly regular SeNPs, which were surrounded or embedded by a material with low electron emission yield deriving from bacterial cells (Figure 2a,a1), being in line with most of the previous reports on biogenic NMs [10,27].…”

Systematic Review on Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles and Antibacterial Activities: Application and Theoretical Perspectives

“…Several studies have examined plants, having been used as a source of synthesis in many experiments, with benefits such as plant material availability, low price, high availability for mass production, purgative properties, and secondary metabolites. For both the synthesis of Ag-NPs, a correct and controlled need for biological entities would result in well-characterized and highly stable NPs [67]. One of the major benefits of utilizing is identifying the genesis of Ag-NPs existing in plants and discovering the non-toxicity and metabolites causing silver reduction.…”

Microbiologically-Synthesized Nanoparticles and Their Role in Silencing the Biofilm Signaling Cascade

“…Processes of both intracellular and extracellular synthesis of nanoparticles (NP) by microorganisms from metals, metal oxides, or metalloids have been well documented in literature (Patil and Chandrasekaran, 2020). The extracellular process involves reduction of metal ions for NPs synthesis by microbial enzymes and proteins, bacterial or fungal cell wall components, or organic molecules present in the culture medium, whereas the intracellular process involves initial electrostatic attraction of metal ions by carboxyl groups of the microbial cell wall, resulting in passage of metal ions through the cells and reduction by intracellular proteins and cofactors to produce NPs (Siddiqi et al, 2018).…”