Biogenic Synthesis of Graphitic Carbon Nitride for Photocatalytic Degradation of Organic Dyes

Abstract

A simple approach of template growth of graphitic-carbon nitride (g-CN), a polymeric unit consisting of C, N, O, and H elements derived from extracts of green plant Aloe vera , which are rich in several chemical constituents, has been successfully experimented in this work. Comparing several other methods used for synthesizing g-CN involving a large amount of toxic components, here, we propose the simplest route economically and environmentally highly viable for near future. Green plants are highly rich in natural carbon and nitrogen compounds, such as acemannan, glucose, aloin, protein, etc. Way before g-CN research, many carbon-based materials have been synthesized for multifunctional properties, but g-CN has much benefit over them due to the presence of elements such as C, N, O, and H, thus making it electron-rich. Multifunctional properties of graphitic-carbon nitride interface bonding as a supercapacitor or as a metal-free catalyst thus help degrade dyes. Violet-blue broad band emission was even noticed when excited at 240 nm via C–C bonding (π–π* transition) in the absorption band with an extinction coefficient of ∼10 4 M –1 cm –1 . With our research, we want to pave new ways of synthesizing such materials present in our nature in a biological form, which can protect our environment, thus causing less harm to mankind.

Biogenic and Non-Biogenic Waste Utilization in the Synthesis of 2D Materials (Graphene, h-BN, g-C2N) and Their Applications

“…There are many techniques for degradation but a costeffective and environmental benign method is most preferred (Yuan et al, 2014;Zhang et al, 2014;Perreault et al, 2015). Photodegradation efficiency of biogenically synthesized graphitic carbon nitride was investigated by Tiwari and Ram (2019). For this, they used an experimental set up in which UV (24 W, intensity 400 lux, λ < 400 nm, and xenon lamp 900) and visible light bulbs were used and the solution was magnetically stirred in the dark for 30 min to establish adsorption-desorption equilibration.…”

Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) as an emerging photocatalyst for sustainable environmental applications: a comprehensive review

“…Its unique combination of properties, including excellent stability, ease of synthesis, and a suitable bandgap, positions it as an ideal candidate for sustainable applications, ranging from water purication and renewable energy production to air quality improvement and carbon management. [8][9][10][11][12] The imperative for sustainable solutions in the face of mounting environmental challenges is undeniable. Water scarcity, pollution, and the depletion of fossil fuels have compelled humanity to explore novel technologies that mitigate these issues while minimizing environmental harm.…”

“…Its unique combination of properties, including excellent stability, ease of synthesis, and a suitable bandgap, positions it as an ideal candidate for sustainable applications, ranging from water purification and renewable energy production to air quality improvement and carbon management. 8–12…”

Nitrogen-Rich and Porous Graphitic Carbon Nitride Nanosheet-Immobilized Palladium Nanoparticles as Highly Active and Recyclable Catalysts for the Reduction of Nitro Compounds and Degradation of Organic Dyes

“…Because of the presence of hydrogen and nitrogen sites on its surface, g-C 3 N 4 could be easily functionalized with different catalytic active groups including metal and bimetallic nanoparticles. 31 g-C 3 N 4 has been reported as an efficient catalyst for a variety of reactions including oxygen reduction, 32−34 hydrogen evolution, 35−37 dye degradation, 38,39 and various other chemical transformations. 40,41 In the present study, nitrogen-rich g-C 3 N 4 was synthesized by a simple direct thermal polymerization procedure, followed by the immobilization of Pd nanoparticles on its surface.…”

“…Because of the presence of hydrogen and nitrogen sites on its surface, g-C 3 N 4 could be easily functionalized with different catalytic active groups including metal and bimetallic nanoparticles . g-C 3 N 4 has been reported as an efficient catalyst for a variety of reactions including oxygen reduction, − hydrogen evolution, − dye degradation, , and various other chemical transformations. , …”