Biogenic synthesis of selenium nanoparticles using Hibiscus esculentus L. extract: Catalytic degradation of organic dye and its anticancer, antibacterial and antifungal activities

Abstract

In this work, we develop the synthesis of selenium nanoparticles (B@SeNPs) using a green method using the aqueous extract of Hibiscus esculentus L. Various techniques were used to characterize bio-synthesized B@SeNPs. The mixture color was clearly changed to reddish at 45-50 °C and the extract pH = 6. According to Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), the B@SeNPs were produced, capped, and stabilized using biomolecules found in plant extracts. The energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis profile revealed an atomic Se signal (1.39 mV). The powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) pattern confirmed the hexagonal phase crystalline form of B@SeNPs. The zeta potential for SeNPs was determined to be -51.3 mV. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) micrographs revealed spherical Se particles with sizes of roughly 62 nm. Furthermore, B@SeNPs can degrade methylene blue dye by 98.3% at 21 min with a rate constant of 0.1023 min-1 in the presence of NaBH4. In biological evaluation, the synthesized nanoparticles have been proven to be effective against two human cancers (AGS and MCF-7 cells) with IC50 values of 20.46 and 88.43 µg/mL, respectively. Additionally, B@SeNPs showed high safety in the Beas cell line (normal) at 123 µg/mL as the highest concentration. The biofabricated SeNPs had a moderate antibacterial effect against ATCC and multidrug-resistant clinical isolates. They had no antifungal activity against the tested fungus strains except C. albicans (IFRC 1873), with a MIC value of 138.75 µg/mL. Finally, the green-synthesized B@SeNPs could be a contender for further testing as a chemotherapeutic agent in the treatment of some human cancers.

A Comprehensive Review on Catalytic Activities of Green-Synthesized Selenium Nanoparticles on Dye Removal for Wastewater Treatment

“…Ebrahimzadeh and colleagues (2023), [51] synthesized SeNPs using Na 2 SeO 3 and the aqueous extract of Hibiscus esculentus L. and confirmed their capping and synthesis by instrumental analysis. They were in the form of hexagonal crystals and spherical shapes with a size of 62 nm.…”

“…To explore the photocatalytic effect, a 200 µL NaBH 4 (0.1 M) solution, 5.77 mL H 2 O, and 30 µL of MB (10 mM) were mixed with 70 µL of colloidal SeNPs (1110 µg/mL). The prepared SeNPs nanoparticles can degrade MB dye in 21 min at 665 nm to the extent of 98.3% with a rate constant of 0.1023 min −1 in the presence of NaBH 4 by pseudo-first-order kinetics [51].…”

Selenium Nanoparticles: Green Synthesis and Biomedical Application

“…Therefore, the covering layer of plant-synthesized selenium nanoparticles is extremely critical from the point of view of their further medical use. SeNP packaging involves diversified functional groups and compounds, such as carboxyl groups [118,119], alcohol groups [120,121], phenolic groups [122], amines [123], amides [124], alkanes [120], aldehydes, ketones [125], esters [126,127], amino acids [114], tannins [123], flavonoids [117,[128][129][130], cannabinoids [131], proteins [132][133][134][135], polysaccharides [136,137], ascorbic acid [138], carbohydrates [135,139], polyphenols [140,141], terpenoids [142,143], sugars [144], alkaloids [145,146], glycosides [145], and saponins [146].…”

“…It should be noted that, in general, the antibacterial properties' multiformity of selenium nanoparticles are huge. SeNPs overwhelming effect on microorganisms, including the Gram-positive bacteria S. aureus [56,[170][171][172][173][174][175][176][177][178][179][180][181][182], B. subtilis [36,120,156,178], Streptococcus mutans [179,181], E. faecalis [106], Mycobacterium tuberculosis [183,184], and Micrococcus luteus [185], and the Gram-negative E. coli [120,138,172,186,187], S. typhimurium [95,117,155,188], S. typhi [189], P. aeruginosa [67,141,156], Klebsiella pneumoniae [123,190], P. mirabilis [110,124], Vibrio harveyi and Vibrio parahaemolyticus [191], Shigella sp. [101], and Serratia marcescens [163], was demonstrated.…”

“…In general, the spectrum of SeNPs' anticancer activity demonstrated in vitro is quite wide: in leukemia cells [219], MCF-7 [124,220], AGS (human gastric adenocarcinoma cell line) [111], HeLa [64,170], HepG2 [138,221], 4T1 [222], SW480 (human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell lines) [223], MDA-MB-231 (mammary gland adenocarcinoma cell lines) [224], and A2780 cells (human ovarian cancer cell line) [225]. The proposed mechanism of anticancer effect is demonstrated in Figure 5.…”