Biogeochemical properties of a tropical swamp forest ecosystem in southern Thailand

Yoshioka, Takahito; Ueda, Seinosuke; Miyajima, Toshihiro; Wada, Eitaro; Yoshida, Naohiro; Sugimoto, Akihiro; Vijarnsorn, Pisoot; Boonprakub, Suporn

doi:10.1007/s102010200007

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Tropical peatland waters can have very high DOC concentrations (Miyamoto et al , 2009; Yule & Gomez, 2009) and, together with lower amounts of particulate organic carbon (POC) (cf. Yoshioka et al , 2002), this carbon is exported in substantial amounts (Tachibana et al , 2006; Alkhatib et al , 2007; Baum et al , 2007; Rixen et al , 2008; cf. Hope et al , 1994; Harrison et al , 2005) and rapidly decomposed (cf.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Greenhouse gas fluxes from tropical peatlands in south‐east Asia

Couwenberg

Dommain

Joosten

2010

Global Change Biology

403

410

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The lowland peatlands of south-east Asia represent an immense reservoir of fossil carbon and are reportedly responsible for 30% of the global carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions from Land Use, Land Use Change and Forestry. This paper provides a review and meta-analysis of available literature on greenhouse gas fluxes from tropical peat soils in south-east Asia. As in other parts of the world, water level is the main control on greenhouse gas fluxes from south-east Asian peat soils. Based on subsidence data we calculate emissions of at least 900 g CO 2 m À2 a À1 ($ 250 g C m À2 a À1 ) for each 10 cm of additional drainage depth. This is a conservative estimate as the role of oxidation in subsidence and the increased bulk density of the uppermost drained peat layers are yet insufficiently quantified. The majority of published CO 2 flux measurements from southeast Asian peat soils concerns undifferentiated respiration at floor level, providing inadequate insight on the peat carbon balance. In contrast to previous assumptions, regular peat oxidation after drainage might contribute more to the regional long-term annual CO 2 emissions than peat fires. Methane fluxes are negligible at low water levels and amount to up to 3 mg CH 4 m À2 h À1 at high water levels, which is low compared with emissions from boreal and temperate peatlands. The latter emissions may be exceeded by fluxes from rice paddies on tropical peat soil, however. N 2 O fluxes are erratic with extremely high values upon application of fertilizer to wet peat soils. Current data on CO 2 and CH 4 fluxes indicate that peatland rewetting in south-east Asia will lead to substantial reductions of net greenhouse gas emissions. There is, however, an urgent need for further quantitative research on carbon exchange to support the development of consistent policies for climate change mitigation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Greenhouse gas fluxes from tropical peatlands in south‐east Asia

Couwenberg

Dommain

Joosten

2010

Global Change Biology

403

410

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“…POC release from northern peatlands ranges from 20 to 400 kg ha −1 yr −1 , which is almost the same amount as DOC loss [ Holden , 2005]. There are no such estimates in the tropics; however, some recent studies [ Yoshioka et al , 2002; Yule and Gomez , 2009] measured DOC concentrations in tropical virgin peat swamp forests (50–124 mg C L −1 ) that were about twice those in northern peatlands (20–60 mg C L −1 [ Holden , 2005]). DOC concentrations in the rivers draining tropical virgin peat swamp forests were also high (6–31 mg C L −1 ) [ Yoshioka et al , 2002; Baum et al , 2007].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are no such estimates in the tropics; however, some recent studies [ Yoshioka et al , 2002; Yule and Gomez , 2009] measured DOC concentrations in tropical virgin peat swamp forests (50–124 mg C L −1 ) that were about twice those in northern peatlands (20–60 mg C L −1 [ Holden , 2005]). DOC concentrations in the rivers draining tropical virgin peat swamp forests were also high (6–31 mg C L −1 ) [ Yoshioka et al , 2002; Baum et al , 2007]. Therefore, we assumed a loss from soluble and physical removal of 1 ± 0.5 Mg C ha −1 yr −1 for all LUs, using the combined maxima of what was observed in northern peatlands for POC and DOC.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stocks and fluxes of carbon associated with land use change in Southeast Asian tropical peatlands: A review

Hergoualc’h

Verchot

2011

Global Biogeochem. Cycles

154

115

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[1] The increasing and alarming trend of degradation and deforestation of tropical peat swamp forests may contribute greatly to climate change. Estimates of carbon (C) losses associated with land use change in tropical peatlands are needed. To assess these losses we examined C stocks and peat C fluxes in virgin peat swamp forests and tropical peatlands affected by six common types of land use. Phytomass C loss from the conversion of virgin peat swamp forest to logged forest, fire-damaged forest, mixed croplands and shrublands, rice field, oil palm plantation, and Acacia plantation were calculated using the stock difference method and estimated at 116.9 ± 39.8, 151.6 ± 36.0, 204.1 ± 28.6, 214.9 ± 28.4, 188.1 ± 29.8, and 191.7 ± 28.5 Mg C ha −1 , respectively. Total C loss from uncontrolled fires ranged from 289.5 ± 68.1 Mg C ha −1 in rice fields to 436.2 ± 77.0 Mg C ha −1 in virgin peat swamp forest. We assessed the effects of land use change on C stocks in the peat by looking at how the change in vegetation cover altered the main C inputs (litterfall and root mortality) and outputs (heterotrophic respiration, CH 4 flux, fires, and soluble and physical removal) before and after conversion. The difference between the soil input-output balances in the virgin peat swamp forest and in the oil palm plantation gave an estimate of peat C loss of 10.8 ± 3.5 Mg C ha −1 yr −1 . Peat C loss from other land use conversions could not be assessed due to lack of data, principally on soil heterotrophic respiration rates. Over 25 years, the conversion of tropical virgin peat swamp forest into oil palm plantation represents a total C loss from both biomass and peat of 427.2 ± 90.7 Mg C ha −1 or 17.1 ± 3.6 Mg C ha. In all situations, peat C loss contributed more than 63% to total C loss, demonstrating the urgent need in terms of the atmospheric greenhouse gas burden to protect tropical virgin peat swamp forests from land use change and fires.

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“…Thus, it can be postulated that in typical mangrove-fringed estuaries, the influences of 13 C-depleted DIC from the mangrove forests and instream remineralization of mangrove-derived organic carbon overwhelm the influences of air-water CO 2 exchange and instream primary production in the overall [26] In addition to the respiration and remineralization of mangrove-derived organic matter, photochemical and biochemical decomposition of dissolved humic organic matter that is transported from the watershed by rivers is a potential internal source of 13 C-depleted DIC. In Southeast Asia, lowland swamp forests in which waterlogged peat soil covers the forest floor sometimes discharge a large amount of brown-colored effluent water with high humic content and low pH (typically 4 -5) to streams and rivers [Ueda et al, 2000;Yoshioka et al, 2002]. Such humic organic carbon may be transported down to the estuaries and photochemically decomposed into CO 2 .…”

Section: Dasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Export of inorganic carbon from two Southeast Asian mangrove forests to adjacent estuaries as estimated by the stable isotope composition of dissolved inorganic carbon

et al. 2009

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[1] The influence of mangrove forests on the dynamics of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in tropical estuaries was estimated quantitatively using newly developed isotope (d 13 C) mass balance models that take into account both the input of DIC and the air-water exchange of CO 2 . To this aim, the concentration and d 13C of DIC were determined across the salinity gradient of two river estuaries facing the Andaman Sea. The longitudinal distribution of DIC could be explained by conservative mixing of the river water and seawater DIC in the low-discharge period (March 2006), while a net accumulation of DIC up to 190 mmol L À1 was observed in the high-discharge period (December 2006). d 13 C DIC values were generally lower than expected for the mixing of the river water and seawater DIC, due to the 13 C-depleted DIC inputs from the riverside mangroves. The concentration of mangrove-derived DIC in the estuarine waters was estimated by the proposed models to be as much as 856 mmol L À1 , and was higher during the low-discharge period. This suggested that the mangroves exported much higher levels of DIC to the estuaries than indicated by the net accumulation of DIC. Our results confirm that mangroves function as an effective CO 2 pump that takes CO 2 from the atmosphere and releases it into estuarine waters. This study illustrates that d 13 C DIC is a sensitive and quantitative indicator for DIC emission to the sea from coastal wetlands including mangroves.

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Biogeochemical properties of a tropical swamp forest ecosystem in southern Thailand

Cited by 12 publications

References 19 publications

Greenhouse gas fluxes from tropical peatlands in south‐east Asia

Greenhouse gas fluxes from tropical peatlands in south‐east Asia

Stocks and fluxes of carbon associated with land use change in Southeast Asian tropical peatlands: A review

Export of inorganic carbon from two Southeast Asian mangrove forests to adjacent estuaries as estimated by the stable isotope composition of dissolved inorganic carbon

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