Biogeographic analysis of the American genus Echeandia (Asparagoideae, Asparagaceae)

Abstract

Echeandia (Asparagaceae) is an American genus of herbaceous geophytes. Its distribution is heterogeneous but concentrates along the Mexican Transition Zone (MTZ). We analyzed the species richness distribution and endemism of the group. We compiled a data base of 2,078 records obtained by revision of herbarium specimens, scientific publications, and electronic databases. Species richness was quantified under 4 different criteria. Also, we estimated the weighted endemism and the corrected weighted endemism index to detect centers of endemism. We identified 85 species and registered 74 in Mexico. The MTZ had 61 species and the Sierra Madre del Sur province was the most diverse with 39. The richest cell was located in the Transmexican Volcanic Belt and contained 12 species. In addition, 63 species (85.1%) present in Mexico were endemic. Weighted endemism showed 5 cells in the Sierra Madre del Sur and Balsas Basin in Mexico. In contrast, almost all the high valued cells of corrected weighted endemism index were located in South America. The results were congruent with the patterns of the geophytes and endemic angiosperms of Mexico. The MTZ has a complex tectonic, volcanic and climatic history. These factors have promoted the diversification of several angiosperm lineages, including Echeandia.

Biogeografía y evaluaciones de conservación de las especies de Lamourouxia (Orobanchaceae)

“…The species richness obtained in this study shows a similar pattern with the American genera Echeandia Ortega (Ortiz-Brunel et al, 2021), Dahlia Cav. (Carrasco-Ortiz et al, 2019 and Cosmos Cav.…”

“…Continuation.Weighted endemism and corrected weighted endemismThe WE analysis recovered cells with similar geographic locations and moderate to high values like those obtained byOrtiz-Brunel et al (2021) for Echeandia, and the vascular plants of the SMS(Aragón-Parada et al, 2023). CWE analysis showed only one cell with the highest value in the state of Colima.…”

Spatial richness analysis and an evaluation of extinction risk for the genus Pachyphytum (Crassulaceae), with the description of a new species from Sierra Madre Occidental, Mexico

“…Anomalous records were flagged and inspected for misidentifications using digitized voucher specimens or detailed images provided by staff of the corresponding herbaria. When a specimen lacked geographic coordinates but possessed a detailed written description of the locality, we manually georeferenced it according to the strategy followed by Ortiz-Brunel et al (2021). Occurrence data was cleaned by eliminating duplicate records and ambiguous locations, and then visualized using the program QGIS 3.4.8 (QGIS Development Team 2022).…”

Sixty years of Halffter’s Mexican Transition Zone: a systematic review using bibliometric tools

“…Most of the analyzed papers (88.5%), however, have used the term to describe the study area or to use the MTZ or some of its provinces as areas of endemism for biogeographic analyses (e.g., García-Sotelo et al, 2021;Sánchez-Chávez et al, 2019;Schramm et al, 2021). Almost half of the papers (48.2%) use the conceptual background of the MTZ to explain or discuss the results, mainly as an explanation of the high diversity and endemicity because of the mixture of biotas and geological history (e.g., Anguiano-Constante et al, 2021;Ferrari et al, 2022;Ortiz-Brunel et al, 2021;Pérez-Hernández et al, 2022) or to refer to the role of the MTZ or some of its provinces as biogeographic barriers or routes of dispersal for plants or animals (Daza et al, 2009;Gutiérrez-Rodríguez et al, 2022;Lamas et al, 2014). A little more than a quarter of the papers (25.9%) uses the MTZ theory and Halffter's patterns to describe patterns of distribution of the biological groups of interest (Arriaga-Jiménez et al, 2018;Cano et al, 2018;Joaqui et al, 2019;Rossini et al, 2018).…”

“…Studies analyzing diversity and/or endemism patterns were the most common, most of them Endemism Analyses using NDM/VNDM (e.g., Canales & Goyenechea, 2022;Escalante et al, 2013;Ferrari et al, 2022) but also Weighted Endemism (e.g., Anguiano-Constante et al, 2021;Ortiz-Brunel et al, 2021) was used. In most cases, these analyses using different taxa have allowed the detection of areas of the MTZ with high richness and/or endemism that could be important for biological conservation, such as the Sierra Madre del Sur for plants (Ortiz-Brunel et al, 2021) and amphibians (Canales & Goyenechea, 2022). Track analyses and Parsimony Analyses of Endemicity or PAE are more frequent (Campos-Soldini et al, 2015, Coulleri & Ferrucci, 2012Escalante et al, 2018;Morrone & Márquez, 2001;Rosas et al, 2011;Villaseñor et al, 2020).…”