Biogeographical diversity among marine bacterioplankton

Hagström, Åke; Pinhassi, Jarone; Zweifel, Ulla Li

doi:10.3354/ame021231

Cited by 163 publications

(115 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Each distinguished bacterial subgroup most likely conceals a variety of bacterial species that happen to exhibit a similar morphology or DNA content. Genomic analyses of bacterioplankton, in fact, confirm a much higher diversity than mirrored by the here-established morpho-and DNA types (e.g., Hagström et al 2000).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cyclobacterium marinus, Raj & Maloy 1990) as depicted in Sieburth (1979), which is abundant in oceanic waters (Sieburth 1979, Rheinheimer & Schmaljohann 1983 and the Baltic Sea (Schmaljohann 1984). It may account for some of the genomic records of the Flexibacter-Cytophaga-Bacteroides group of bacteria in pelagic systems (e.g., Hagström et al 2000).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Morphology and DNA content of bacterioplankton in the northern Gulf of Mexico: analysis by epifluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry

Jochem¹

2001

Aquat. Microb. Ecol.

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The distribution of pelagic bacteria was assessed along 2 offshore -onshore transects in the northwestern Gulf of Mexico in July and October 1999 and along a salinity gradient (0.2 to 34.4 ‰) in the Mississippi River plume in May 2000. Cell abundance was estimated by epifluorescence microscopy after DAPI staining and by flow cytometry after DNA staining with SYBR Green I. Total bacterial counts by both techniques corresponded well. Bacterial abundance ranged from 0.9 × 10 6 to 1.35 × 10 6 cells ml -1 in the upper 200 m of the water column in the northwestern Gulf and from 0.1 × 10 6 to 2.05 × 10 6 cells ml -1 in the Mississippi River plume. Bacteria exhibited surface maxima in July 1999 but subsurface maxima in the upper half of the chlorophyll maximum in October 1999 and off the Louisiana shelf break in May 2000. Stations with a thin layer of low-salinity plume water exhibited an additional bacterial maximum at the surface. Within the Mississippi River plume, bacterial abundance decreased with increasing salinity, and their maximum abundance preceded the chlorophyll maximum along the salinity gradient. Three morphotypes of bacteria were distinguished by epifluorescence microscopy: cocci, rod-shaped bacteria, and curved bacteria. Cocci (40 to 60% of total bacteria; counts corrected for Prochlorococcus spp.) were the most common morphotype. Rods and curved bacteria had similar shares (18 to 25%) and presented multi-species consortia as indicated by the variability in size and shape of cells within each group. Flow cytometry revealed 4 bacterial subpopulations distinguished by their DNA content, none of which seem to reflect a specific morphotype. Whereas regional differences in the contribution of the distinguished DNA types to total bacterial abundance were low in the open Gulf, a switch in predominance from low-DNA to high-DNA cells below the subsurface chlorophyll maximum was obvious in all profiles. The ecological significance of bacterial DNA types as revealed by flow cytometry is discussed in the context of published results.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphology and DNA content of bacterioplankton in the northern Gulf of Mexico: analysis by epifluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry

Jochem¹

2001

Aquat. Microb. Ecol.

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“…3 in Seguritan & Rohwer 2001). Our 97% criterion follows the recommendations of numerous authors (Wayne et al 1987, Stackebrandt & Goebel 1994, Hagström et al 2000. Although defining bacterial species based on rDNA similarity/identity remains controversial (Ward 1998), it is the best available method for studies of microbial diversity based on sequence data.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity and distribution of coral-associated bacteria

Rohwer¹,

Seguritan²,

Azam³

et al. 2002

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

1,110

1,070

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Coral reefs are the most biodiverse of all marine ecosystems; however, very little is known about prokaryotic diversity in these systems. To address this issue, we sequenced over 1000 bacterial 16S rDNAs from 3 massive coral species (Montastraea franksi, Diploria strigosa, and Porites astreoides) in Panama and Bermuda. Analysis of only 14 coral samples yielded 430 distinct bacterial ribotypes. Statistical analyses suggest that additional sequencing would have resulted in a total of 6000 bacterial ribotypes. Half of the sequences shared < 93% identity to previously published 16S sequences, and therefore probably represent novel bacterial genera and species; this degree of novelty was substantially higher than that observed for other marine samples. Samples from the Panama corals were more diverse than those from Bermuda, paralleling diversity gradients seen in metazoans. The coral-bacteria associations were non-random. Different coral species had distinct bacterial communities, even when physically adjacent, while bacterial communities from the same coral species separated by time (~1 yr) or space (3000 km) were similar. Analysis of the branching coral Porites furcata showed that bacterial ribotypes can also be structured spatially within colonies. Therefore, corals and reefs represent landscapes of diverse, ecologically structured prokaryotic communities. KEY WORDS: Coral · Bacteria · 16S rDNA · Biodiversity Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherMar Ecol Prog Ser 243: [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] 2002 1973, Mitchell & Chet 1975, Ducklow & Mitchell 1979, Pascal & Vacelet 1981, Segel & Ducklow 1982, Herndl & Velimirov 1986, Paul et al. 1986, Williams et al. 1987, Shashar et al. 1994, Ritchie & Smith 1995, 1997, Santavy 1995, Kushmaro et al. 1996, Santavy & Peters 1997, Frias-Lopez et al. 2002. Whether these communities are just passive associations with water column bacteria or if they are specific associations with ecological importance is in dispute. Ritchie & Smith (1997) used carbon source utilization patterns of bacteria cultured from the mucus layer (aka: mucopolysaccharide layer, MPSL; coral surface microlayer, CMS) to demonstrate that Caribbean coral species had unique, species-specific mucus-associated microbial communities. Rohwer et al. (2001) built upon this work and used a 16S rDNA culture-independent method (PCR and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, DGGE) to demonstrate that Montastraea franksi had a diverse bacterial community that was similar in 25 samples from 5 reefs, up to 10 km apart. Comparison of coralassociated and overlaying water column bacterial communities in this study showed that there is almost no overlap . Similarly, Frias-Lopez et al. (2002) and Durkin et al. (unpubl.) found the bacteria in overlaying water were not the same as those associated with corals. Santavy (1995) observed that Porites astreoides harbors a bacterial species, possibly Moraxella sp., that forms ovoids within P. astreoides and seems to participate ...

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“…Bacterial species richness was estimated by the nonparametric estimator Chao1, calculated using EstimateS 7.5 (Colwell 2005), and was based on both RFLP patterns and sequences. Bacterial 'species', or operational taxonomic units (OTUs), were defined based on a 97% sequence similarity threshold (Wayne et al 1987, Stackebrandt & Goebel 1994, Hagström et al 2000. We acknowledge that differences in function and phylogeny render this definition controversial (e.g.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparisons of diversity of bacterial communities associated with three sessile marine eukaryotes

Longford¹,

Tujula²,

Crocetti³

et al. 2007

Aquat. Microb. Ecol.

137

132

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Host-associated bacterial communities are potentially critical components of marine microbial diversity, yet our understanding of bacterial distribution on living surfaces lags behind that for planktonic communities. We used 16S rRNA gene library analysis to compare within-host (alpha) and between-host (beta) diversity among bacterial communities on 3 co-occurring marine eukaryotes from temperate Australia: the demosponge Cymbastela concentrica, the red macroalga Delisea pulchra and the green intertidal alga Ulva australis. The bacterial community on C. concentrica had high phylum-level diversity (7 phyla including 3 proteobacterial classes) but relatively low 'species' richness (estimated at 24 species). Among the algae, D. pulchra contained 7 phyla including an estimated 79 species, while the U. australis library yielded only 4 phyla with an estimated 36 species. Alpha-, Delta-and Gammaproteobacteria were well represented in all libraries, while Planctomycetes and Bacteroidetes were relatively common on the 2 algae, but absent or rarely encountered in the sponge. At the phylum level, the community of C. concentrica largely mirrored that found in other marine sponges (e.g. Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Nitrospira), although large numbers of diatoms and the presence of Verrucomicrobia were atypical. Overall, within-host (alpha) diversity was relatively high, at least for C. concentrica and D. pulchra, while between-host (beta) diversity depended heavily on the phylogenetic level examined. Generally, there was a remarkable lack of overlap at the species level. No species showed universal distribution across hosts, indicating high beta diversity at the species level. At the level of phyla, however, both universal (e.g. Proteobacteria) and distinct (e.g. Nitrospira) groups existed. This study is among the first to compare patterns of alpha and beta diversity for microbial communities associated with co-occurring marine eukaryotes. KEY WORDS: Bacterial communities · Diversity · Marine · Host organisms · Sponge · MacroalgaResale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisher Aquat Microb Ecol 48: 217-229, 2007 1999, Rappé et al. 2000, Venter et al. 2004, Rusch et al. 2007, with the alphaproteobacterial SAR 11 clade accounting for up to 50% of all microbial cells in ocean surface waters (Morris et al. 2002). Cyanobacteria of the genera Synechococcus and Prochlorococcus are also extremely prevalent (Partensky et al. 1999, Scanlan & West 2002, while other frequently encountered marine taxa include the Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, Planctomycetes and Chloroflexi (Giovannoni et al. 1996, Simon et al. 1999, Cottrell & Kirchman 2000, Venter et al. 2004, Giovannoni & Stingl 2005, Rusch et al. 2007). This apparent global distribution of various bacterial phyla (and even particular species, e.g. Mullins et al. 1995 suggests a reasonable degree of uniformity to marine bacterioplankton communities. Despite this overall uniformity, however, compositional differences have also been observe...

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Biogeographical diversity among marine bacterioplankton

Cited by 163 publications

References 37 publications

Morphology and DNA content of bacterioplankton in the northern Gulf of Mexico: analysis by epifluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry

Morphology and DNA content of bacterioplankton in the northern Gulf of Mexico: analysis by epifluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry

Diversity and distribution of coral-associated bacteria

Comparisons of diversity of bacterial communities associated with three sessile marine eukaryotes

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