Biogeographical patterns of liana abundance and diversity

DeWalt, Saara J.; Schnitzer, Stefan A.; Alves, Luciana F.; Bongers, Frans; Burnham, Robyn J.; Cai, Zheng; Carson, Walter P.; Chave, Jérôme; Chuyong, George B.; Costa, Flávia R. C.; Ewango, Corneille E. N.; Gallagher, Rachael V.; Gerwing, Jeffrey J.; Amezcua, Esteban Gortaire; Hart, Térese B.; Ibarra‐Manríquez, Guillermo; Ickes, Kalan; Kenfack, David; Letcher, Susan G.; Macía, Manuel J.; Makana, Jean‐Remy; Malizia, Agustina; Martı́nez-Ramos, Miguel; Mascaro, Joseph; Muthumperumal, C.; Muthuramkumar, S.; Nogueira, Anselmo; Parren, Marc; Parthasarathy, Narayanaswamy; Pérez-Salicrup, Diego R.; Putz, Francis E.; Romero‐Saltos, Hugo; Reddy, M. S.; Sainge, Moses N.; Thomas, Duncan W.; Melis, Juliano van

doi:10.1002/9781118392409.ch11

Cited by 73 publications

(109 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…This is broadly in line with studies on several organism groups (Field et al, 2009), including lianas (Couvreur et al, 2015;DeWalt et al, 2015;van der Heijden & Phillips, 2009 play an important role in shaping species richness. This is broadly in line with studies on several organism groups (Field et al, 2009), including lianas (Couvreur et al, 2015;DeWalt et al, 2015;van der Heijden & Phillips, 2009 play an important role in shaping species richness.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…as a predictor showed that liana richness from lowland and montane Neotropical forests is negatively related to dry season length (i.e., a measure of precipitation seasonality; van der Heijden& Phillips, 2009). In contrast, a study including tropical forests outside the Neotropics showed that liana species richness peaks at intermediate levels of rainfall, but is not related to dry season length(DeWalt et al, 2015). These differences can be explained by differences in the geographic extent and biogeographic history of these regions because climate conditions and past climate change vary substantially(DeWalt et al, 2015;van der Heijden & Phillips, 2009).…”

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confidence: 98%

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Canopy height explains species richness in the largest clade of Neotropical lianas

Meyer

Diniz‐Filho

Lohmann

et al. 2019

Global Ecol Biogeogr

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Aim Tall and structurally complex forests can provide ample habitat and niche space for climbing plants, supporting high liana species richness. We test to what extent canopy height (as a proxy of 3‐D habitat structure), climate and soil interact to determine species richness in the largest clade of Neotropical lianas. We expect that the effect of canopy height on species richness is higher for lianas from closed tropical rain forests compared to riparian and savanna habitats. Location Neotropics. Time period Present. Major taxa studied Tribe Bignonieae (Bignoniaceae). Methods We used structural equation models to evaluate direct and indirect effects of canopy height, climate (temperature, precipitation and precipitation seasonality), and soil (cation exchange capacity and soil types) on overall Bignonieae species richness (339 liana species), as well as on species richness of lianas from forest, riparian and savanna habitats, respectively. We further performed multiple regression models with Moran's eigenvector maps to account for spatial autocorrelation. Results Canopy height was a key driver of liana species richness, in addition to climate and soil. Species richness of forest lianas showed a strong positive relationship with canopy height whereas the relationship was less pronounced for riparian species. Richness of savanna species decreased with increasing canopy height. Climate also explained a substantial proportion of variation in liana species richness whereas soil variables showed little explanatory power. Main conclusions The relationship between canopy height and liana species richness differs among habitats. While forest and riparian lianas benefit from tall and complex habitats that provide physical support to reach the canopy to escape low light availability in the understorey, high light availability in open habitats and an increased risk of embolism of conductive vessels for lianas with long stems living in areas with high seasonality might explain the inverse relationship between species richness and canopy height in savannas.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

mentioning

confidence: 98%

Canopy height explains species richness in the largest clade of Neotropical lianas

Meyer

Diniz‐Filho

Lohmann

et al. 2019

Global Ecol Biogeogr

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“…Liana density is highest in tropical South America, followed by Africa, Central America, and Asia (462, 374, 351 and 223 individuals/ha, respectively), whereas diversity is highest in Africa followed by South America, Central America, and lastly Asia (Fisher's α of 26.0, 15.5, 12.1 and 6.6, respectively; DeWalt et al 2015). For example, there are large differences in mean liana densities and species richness per hectare between tropical biogeographical regions.…”

Section: Cube Root Growth In Dbhmentioning

confidence: 99%

No strong evidence for increasing liana abundance in the Myristicaceae of a Neotropical aseasonal rain forest

Smith

Queenborough

Álvia

et al. 2017

Ecology

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The "liana dominance hypothesis" posits that lianas are increasing in abundance in tropical forests, thereby potentially reducing tree biomass due to competitive interactions between trees and lianas. This scenario has implications not only for forest ecosystem function and species composition, but also climate change given the mass of carbon stored in tropical trees. In 2003 and 2013, all Myristicaceae trees in the 50-ha Yasuní Forest Dynamics Plot, Ecuador, were surveyed for liana presence and load in their crowns. We tested the hypothesis that the proportion of trees with lianas increased between 2003 and 2013 in line with the liana dominance hypothesis. Contrary to expectations, the total proportion of trees with lianas decreased from 35% to 32%, and when only trees ≥10 cm diameter at breast height were considered liana incidence increased 44-48%. Liana load was dynamic with a large proportion of trees losing or gaining lianas over the 10-yr period; large trees with intermediate liana loads increased in proportion at the expense of those with low and high loads. Lianas also impacted performance: trees with 26-75% crown cover by lianas in 2003 had reduced growth rates of 80% compared to of liana-free trees, and trees with >75% crown cover had 33% the growth rate and a log odds of mortality eight times that of liana-free trees. We suggest that the lack of strong support found for the liana dominance hypothesis is likely due to the aseasonal climate of Yasuní, which limits the competitive advantage lianas maintain over trees during dry seasons due to their efficient capture and use of water. We propose further research of long-term liana dynamics from aseasonal forests is required to determine the generality of the increasing liana dominance hypothesis in Neotropical forests.

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“…9.1 ). This pattern was confi rmed by DeWalt et al ( , 2015 using data from 29 relatively well-sampled forest plots around the world: Africa (n = 3), Asia (n = 9), Mexico (n = 2), Central America (n = 4), and South America (n = 11). Thus, liana density increases with increasing seasonality and decreasing precipitation among forests.…”

Section: Pan-tropical Distribution Of Relative Liana Density and Divementioning

confidence: 76%

“…Thus, lianas peak in density in seasonally dry forests, where mean annual rainfall is relatively low and the number of dry months is high DeWalt et al , 2015. By contrast, the density of trees (and most other plant functional groups) increase with increasing precipitation in tropical forests (Fig.…”

Section: Pan-tropical Distribution Of Relative Liana Density and Divementioning

confidence: 97%

Biodiversity of Lianas

Parthasarathy¹

2015

Sustainable Development and Biodiversity

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This book series provides complete, comprehensive and broad subject based reviews about existing biodiversity of different habitats and conservation strategies in the framework of different technologies, ecosystem diversity, and genetic diversity. The ways by which these resources are used with sustainable management and replenishment are also dealt with. The topics of interest include but are not restricted only to sustainable development of various ecosystems and conservation of hotspots, traditional methods and role of local people, threatened and endangered species, global climate change and effect on biodiversity, invasive species, impact of various activities on biodiversity, biodiversity conservation in sustaining livelihoods and reducing poverty, and technologies available and required. The books in this series will be useful to botanists, environmentalists, marine biologists, policy makers, conservationists, and NGOs working for environment protection.More information about this series at

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Biogeographical patterns of liana abundance and diversity

Cited by 73 publications

References 48 publications

Canopy height explains species richness in the largest clade of Neotropical lianas

Canopy height explains species richness in the largest clade of Neotropical lianas

No strong evidence for increasing liana abundance in the Myristicaceae of a Neotropical aseasonal rain forest

Biodiversity of Lianas

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