Biogeography and evolution of gall midges (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) inhabiting broad-leaved evergreen forests in Oriental and eastern Palearctic regions

Tokuda, Makoto; Yukawa, Junichi

doi:10.1080/00305316.2007.10417502

Cited by 19 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The need to use multiple fungal associations may have resulted from warm, humid habitats, where the gall-inducing Cecidomyiidae are better adapted to collect spores of diverse fungi including saprophytic and endophytic fungi from the environment. The combination of specific and/or nonspecific multiple fungi appear in the phylogenetic basal clade of the subtribe Asphondyliina (Tokuda and Yukawa, 2007), while the evolved Cecidomyiidae occur associated with specific fungi. Daphnephila is situated in the most basal phylogenetic clades of subtribe Asphondyliina and is the singular genus with a soft ovipositor terminal (Tokuda and Yukawa, 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The combination of specific and/or nonspecific multiple fungi appear in the phylogenetic basal clade of the subtribe Asphondyliina (Tokuda and Yukawa, 2007), while the evolved Cecidomyiidae occur associated with specific fungi. Daphnephila is situated in the most basal phylogenetic clades of subtribe Asphondyliina and is the singular genus with a soft ovipositor terminal (Tokuda and Yukawa, 2007). Whether the soft tip of the ovipositor plays a role with the multiple fungal association needs to be verified and confirmed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many congeneric Cecidomyiidae induce galls of varied morphologies either on the same or on closely related species (Skuhravá et al, 1984;Yukawa et al, 2005;Raman, 2007;Tokuda et al, 2008). Among the gall-inducing Cecidomyiidae (Gagné, 1989;Skuhravá, 2006), the levels of specificity of Daphnephila to species of Lauraceae are striking (Tokuda and Yukawa, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Only nine of these have been named: three from India, one from Japan, and five from Taiwan (Tokuda and Yukawa, 2007). Available biological information reveals that the second-stage larvae of the Japanese populations of D. machilicola overwinter within galls on Machilus thunbergii, and turn into third-stage larvae in the following spring (Yukawa, 1974).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The species of Daphnephila have adopted type-IIA life-history strategy which was defined by Yukawa (1987) and was suggested to live a longer period than the other type-IIA gall midges (Tokuda et al, 2008). Historically Daphnephila originated in tropical south Asia and dispersed with Machilus through Taiwan to Japan (Tokuda and Yukawa, 2007;Tokuda et al, 2008). All five Taiwanese species induced galls of distinct morphologies on M. thunbergii, which sympatrically distributed in northeastern Taiwan (Tokuda et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Is a Gall an Extended Phenotype of the Inducing Insect? A Comparative Study of Selected Morphological and Physiological Traits of Leaf and Stem Galls onMachilus thunbergii(Lauraceae) Induced by Five Species ofDaphnephila(Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) in Northeastern Taiwan

et al. 2015

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Mature galls induced by Daphnephila truncicola, D. taiwanensis, D. sueyenae, D. stenocalia, and D. ornithocephala on Machilus thunbergii in northern Taiwan were examined to verify the dictum that the morphology of galls is an expression of the extended phenotype of the respective gall-inducing insect. Based on their length-width ratio, the materials were grouped into either fleshy (those induced by D. taiwanensis and D. sueyenae) or slim galls (those induced by D. truncicola, D. stenocalia, and D. ornithocephala). Stem galls induced by D. truncicola showed an energy level of 0.0178 kJ/g. Among leaf galls, the greatest energy level was in the one induced by D. stenocalia (0.0193 kJ/g), followed by D. sueyenae (0.0192 kJ/g), D. taiwanensis (0.0189 kJ/g), and D. ornithocephala (0.0160 kJ/g). The numbers of reserve and nutritive cell layers in galls were greater in the stem galls induced by D. truncicola, similar to those in the fleshy leaf galls, than in the slim leaf galls. Based on the fungal taxa isolated from the larval chambers and considering the similarities and divergences among gall characteristics, the galls induced by D. truncicola and D. taiwanensis clustered into one, whereas those of D. sueyenae aligned with the 'D. stenocalia-D. ornithocephala' cluster. The present study verified that shapes, structure, nutritive tissues, energy levels, and multiple coexisting fungal taxa within galls reinforce that they are extended phenotypes of the respective gall-inducing Daphnephila species and they represent adaptive evolution of Daphnephila on M. thunbergii.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Is a Gall an Extended Phenotype of the Inducing Insect? A Comparative Study of Selected Morphological and Physiological Traits of Leaf and Stem Galls onMachilus thunbergii(Lauraceae) Induced by Five Species ofDaphnephila(Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) in Northeastern Taiwan

et al. 2015

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Adaptive Radiation

Tokuda

2021

Biology of Gall Midges

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Symbiotic Fungal Flora in Leaf Galls Induced by Illiciomyia yukawai (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) and in Its Mycangia

et al. 2011

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We investigated the association between a gall midge, Illiciomyia yukawai, and its symbiotic fungi on Japanese star anise, Illicium anisatum. The number of fungal species isolated from the galls increased with development of the galls, whereas those from the leaves showed a different trend. Botryosphaeria dothidea was dominant in the galls from June to October, and after that Phomopsis sp. 1, Colletotrichum sp., and Pestalotiopsis sp. became dominant. Although B. dothidea was not isolated from the leaves, it was detected from mycangia (abdominal sternite VII) of egg-laying adults at a high isolation frequency (>90%). However, B. dothidea was not isolated from mycangia of adults emerging from galls that were enclosed by plastic bags. This indicates that I. yukawai is closely associated with B. dothidea and that its newly emerged adults do not take the fungus into mycangia directly from the galls where they had developed. Also, the fungus from the fungal layers of ambrosia galls has less ability to propagate on artificial media despite the presence of its mycelial mass in mature galls.

show abstract

Biogeography and evolution of gall midges (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) inhabiting broad-leaved evergreen forests in Oriental and eastern Palearctic regions

Cited by 19 publications

References 34 publications

Is a Gall an Extended Phenotype of the Inducing Insect? A Comparative Study of Selected Morphological and Physiological Traits of Leaf and Stem Galls onMachilus thunbergii(Lauraceae) Induced by Five Species ofDaphnephila(Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) in Northeastern Taiwan

Is a Gall an Extended Phenotype of the Inducing Insect? A Comparative Study of Selected Morphological and Physiological Traits of Leaf and Stem Galls onMachilus thunbergii(Lauraceae) Induced by Five Species ofDaphnephila(Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) in Northeastern Taiwan

Adaptive Radiation

Symbiotic Fungal Flora in Leaf Galls Induced by Illiciomyia yukawai (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) and in Its Mycangia

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