Biogeography of Chilean Herpetofauna: Biodiversity Hotspot and Extinction Risk

Vidal, Marcela A.; Díaz-Páez, Helen

doi:10.5772/31255

Cited by 3 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…In addition, as human footprint does not follow a latitudinal gradient (results not shown), the replacement of families shown by the β diversity results indicates that replacement is not caused by bacterial families that thrive under human influence. It is important to mention, though, that P. thaul is a species that, in general, can tolerate and even thrive in habitats with anthropogenic influence (Vidal & Díaz‐Páez, 2012), and therefore, human impact factors might be more noticeable on a more vulnerable species and its associated skin bacteriome.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Here, we evaluate macro‐geographic patterns of the bacterial communities of the skin using the four‐eyed frog ( Pleurodema thaul ) as our host study model. This species has an extensive latitudinal distributional range (>2500 km, 27° S–45° S) (Vidal & Díaz‐Páez, 2012), and thus, it covers an extensive number of biomes, climates, and gradients of anthropogenic influence within the Chilean biodiversity hotspot. Furthermore, Bd infection in this species has been extensively studied, and its wide range includes local populations with different infection status and prevalence (Bacigalupe et al., 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nor climate nor human impact factors: Chytrid infection shapes the skin bacterial communities of an endemic amphibian in a biodiversity hotspot

Bacigalupe,

Solano‐Iguaran,

Longo

et al. 2024

Ecology and Evolution

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The bacterial communities of the amphibian skin (i.e., the bacteriome) are critical to the host's innate immune system. However, it is unclear how different drivers can alter this function by modulating the bacteriome's structure. Our aim was to assess the extent to which different host attributes and extrinsic factors influence the structure of the bacterial communities of the skin. Skin bacterial diversity was examined in 148 individuals of the four‐eyed frog (Pleurodema thaul) from 16 localities spanning almost 1800 km in latitude. The richness and beta diversity of bacterial families and the richness and abundance of Bd‐inhibitory bacterial genera were used to describe their structure. Predictors associated with the host (developmental stage, genetic lineage, individual Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis [Bd] infection status) and the landscape (current climate, degree of anthropogenic disturbance) were used in the statistical modeling in an information theoretical approach. Bd infection and host developmental stage were the only predictors affecting bacteriome richness, with Bd+ individuals and postmetamorphic stages (adults and juveniles) having higher richness than Bd− ones and tadpoles. High diversity in Bd+ individuals is not driven by bacterial genera with known anti‐Bd properties. Beta diversity was not affected by Bd infection and was mainly a consequence of bacterial family turnover rather than nestedness. Finally, for those bacterial genera known to have inhibitory effects on chytrid, Bd+ individuals had a slightly higher diversity than Bd− ones. Our study confirms an association between Bd infection and the host developmental stage with the bacterial communities of the skin of P. thaul. Unexpectedly, macroclimate and human impact factors do not seem to play a role in shaping the amphibian skin microbiome. Our study exemplifies that focusing on a single host–parasite system over a large geographic scale can provide essential insights into the factors driving host–parasite–bacteriome interactions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nor climate nor human impact factors: Chytrid infection shapes the skin bacterial communities of an endemic amphibian in a biodiversity hotspot

Bacigalupe,

Solano‐Iguaran,

Longo

et al. 2024

Ecology and Evolution

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“…Variations in species numbers were caused by taxonomic disputes within polytypic genera. According to Cuevas & Formas [ 45 ], Correa et al [ 46 ], Vidal & Díaz-Páez [ 36 ], Lobos [ 47 ], Correa et al [ 48 ], Fibla et al [ 49 ], Correa & Méndez [ 50 ], Correa [ 38 ], and other sources, only species that were well-supported by comprehensive descriptions and updated data were evaluated for this study.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Global evidence points to negative impacts from invasive species, overexploitation, climate change, excessive ultraviolet radiation, chemical pollutants, and disease spread [ 34 ]. Nevertheless, habitat loss is the main process underlying these impacts, for which it has been recognized as the dominant threat to these species, according to various authors [ 33 , 35 , 36 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to MMA [ 40 ], the northern region of the nation is home to the most at-risk species. Systematic planning and consideration of intrinsic characteristics of the target species, such as body size-related morphological variables, ecological variables (e.g., degree of speciation), phylogenetic and genetic traits, and environmental variables (e.g., potential threats), are necessary for effective conservation [ 36 , 41 , 42 ] by means of a methodology that considers various aspects known for these species, with the objective of establishing conservation priorities for those species whose most relevant characteristics can be considered in the conservation plans.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Identifying Strategies for Effective Biodiversity Preservation and Species Status of Chilean Amphibians

Vidal,

Henríquez,

Torres-Díaz

et al. 2024

Biology

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Resources are limited in global biodiversity conservation efforts, which emphasizes the significance of setting conservation priorities. Using standardized criteria, we evaluated 58 amphibian species in Chile to determine their conservation priority (CP). Species with insufficient historical data had their values marked as missing. With a median value of p = 1.67, the results demonstrated CP values ranging from p = 0.48 to p = 3.0, classifying species into priority and non-priority groups. Four levels were established for the priority categories: no priority, low priority, medium priority, and high priority. Additionally, the Telmatobiidae and Alsodidae families were identified as two more priority families. Notably, the species with the highest priority were found to be T. halli, T. fronteriensis, T. philippii, T. chusmisensis, A. pehuenche, and Alsodes tumultuosus, where T. philippii and T. fronteriensis have equal priority for conservation at the national level according to the conservation priority analysis. Eight priority families—the Alsodidae, Batrachylidae, Bufonidae, Ceratophryidae, Leptodactylidae, Rhinodermatidae, and Telmatobiidae—were determined, and 14 species—or 24% of the species examined—need further study. Based on the conservation priority analysis, the species T. fronteriensis and T. philippii share the highest priority for conservation at the national level (p = 2.50). With 70% of the amphibians under study being threatened mainly by habitat loss, pollution, and emerging diseases, the creation of conservation categories made the threat assessment process easier. Due to a lack of information on geographic distribution and abundance, quantitatively classifying amphibians in Chile remains difficult. The analysis of conservation priorities and potential extinction threats informs appropriate management strategies.

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Reptiles of the Atacama Region, northern Chile: localities, and representation in provinces, ecogeographic landscapes, vegetation formations and protected areas

Mella Ávila,

Marambio-Alfaro

2023

Gayana (Concepc.)

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We provide a checklist of reptiles distributed throughout the Atacama Region, northern Chile. Twentytwo species were found inhabiting this region, and their representation in provinces, ecogeographic landscapes, vegetation formations and protected areas were registered. We documented 204 localities for reptiles in the Atacama region. Of the three administrative provinces into which the Atacama Region is divided, Copiapó is the one with the highest richness of reptile species, with 19 species in total. The species with the highest number of recorded localities are Liolaemus nigromaculatus (n = 49 localities), Callopistes maculatus (n = 40), L. rosenmanni (n = 32), L. atacamensis (n = 31) and L. platei (n = 30). In contrast, the species with the fewest recorded localities are L. andinus, with only one locality, L. nigrocoeruleus, with two localities, L. zapallarensis (n = 3), L. robertoi and L. fuscus (n = 4). The species present in the largest number of ecogeographic landscapes (n = 7) was C. maculatus, while at the other end, L. fuscus, L. nigrocoeruleus, L. zapallarensis and Microlophus atacamensis were only found in one ecogeographic landscape. The reptile species present in the greatest variety of vegetation formations were L. platei and C. maculatus (recorded in six formations), while L. nigrocoeruleus, L. silvai and M. atacamensis were recorded in only one type of vegetation formation. Finally, two species stand out that would not be protected in any area, namely L. andinus and L. nigrocoeruleus.

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Biogeography of Chilean Herpetofauna: Biodiversity Hotspot and Extinction Risk

Cited by 3 publications

References 58 publications

Nor climate nor human impact factors: Chytrid infection shapes the skin bacterial communities of an endemic amphibian in a biodiversity hotspot

Nor climate nor human impact factors: Chytrid infection shapes the skin bacterial communities of an endemic amphibian in a biodiversity hotspot

Identifying Strategies for Effective Biodiversity Preservation and Species Status of Chilean Amphibians

Reptiles of the Atacama Region, northern Chile: localities, and representation in provinces, ecogeographic landscapes, vegetation formations and protected areas

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