Biogeography of cretaceous/tertiary (k/t) planktic foraminifera

MacLeod, Norman

doi:10.1080/10292389509380513

Cited by 13 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 111 publications

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“…In contrast, studies summarized by Keller (1991, 1994) and MacLeod (1995aMacLeod ( , 1995bMacLeod ( , 1995cMacLeod ( , 1996a N. MacLeod Figure 9. A two-axis multidimensional scaling (MDS) solution for the Euclidean distance matrix of occurrence patterns for Cretaceous taxa within the 23 uppermost Maastrichtian samples of the Keller et al (1995) data.…”

Section: Reworking Of So-called Cretaceous Speciesmentioning

confidence: 75%

Testing patterns of Cretaceous-Tertiary planktonic foraminiferal extinction at El Kef (Tunisia)

MacLeod¹

1996

The Cretaceous-Tertiary Event and Other Catastrophes in Earth History

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Among the debates collectively known as the CretaceousTertiary (K/T) boundary controversy, none has been more hotly contested than interpretations of uppermost Cretaceouslowermost Tertiary biotic records. Whereas the textbook model of a catastrophic collapse of such diverse clades as dinosaurs, ammonites, rudistid and inoceramid bivalves, calcareous nannoplankton, and planktonic foraminifera at the close of the Mesozoic has been taught to generations of earth scientists (Schindewolf, 1962;Bramlette and Martini, 1964;Bramlette, 1965;Newell, 1967;Percival and Fischer, 1977), several recent ABSTRACT The bolide impact-mass extinction model predicts that last appearances of most upper Maastrichtian taxa should be simultaneous and coincident with impact debris in all complete boundary sections and cores. Progressive (rather than catastrophic) planktonic foraminiferal K/T turnover patterns have been interpreted to result from various sources of bias in the fossil record (e.g., Signor-Lipps Effect, reworking). In addition, some proponents of bolide-driven models have argued that mass-extinction events can be distinguished by their characteristically broader patterns of morphotypic and paleoecologic extinction susceptibility. These hypotheses are tested against a record of K/T planktonic foraminifers faunal turnover at the El Kef (Tunisia) boundary stratotype.Statistical tests for three different Signor-Lipps Effect models within the El Kef stratotype section fail to provide unambiguous support for the hypothesis that these data have been significantly biased in favor of a progressive, rather than abrupt, turnover pattern. Signor-Lipps-type bias does exist within these data, but it is insufficient to account for the progressive character of the observed turnover pattern. There also appears to be no evidence in these data or in data from other K/T sections or cores supporting the interpretation that all so-called Cretaceous species' occurrences recorded from horizons above the K/T boundary are the result of reworking. Finally, analyses of extinction susceptibility throughout the El Kef K/T transition interval suggests that the boundary event imparted the same morphotypic signature to the surviving fauna as background-level extinction events in Neogene planktonic foraminifera.These results fail to corroborate predictions of a catastrophic bolide impact-mass extinction model for planktonic foraminiferal extinctions within the El Kef succession. They are consistent, however, with many recent summaries of faunal turnover across the K/T boundary for planktonic foraminifera as well as many other biotic groups. Since the predictions of the catastrophic bolide impact-mass extinction model have not been unambiguously confirmed by paleontological analyses, the question of what factor(s) may have played a role in determining the character of the K/T mass extinction remains open.

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Section: Reworking Of So-called Cretaceous Speciesmentioning

confidence: 75%

Testing patterns of Cretaceous-Tertiary planktonic foraminiferal extinction at El Kef (Tunisia)

MacLeod¹

1996

The Cretaceous-Tertiary Event and Other Catastrophes in Earth History

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“…This compilation is very preliminary, and apart from considerable uncertainty about the time intervals, especially at the shorter end of the scale, it also begs the question of what is meant by the term`recovery'. Nevertheless, such a dissection of response to the catastrophe is overdue, as is an extensive investigation of regional variations (Barrera & Keller 1994;MacLeod 1995;Keller et al 1997; but, see Raup & Jablonski 1993).…”

Section: Extinctionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The evolution of diversity in ancient ecosystems: a review

Morris

1998

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B

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On a perfect planet, such as might be acceptable to a physicist, one might predict that from its origin the diversity of life would grow exponentially until the carrying capacity, however defined, was reached. The fossil record of the Earth, however, tells a very different story. One of the most striking aspects of this record is the apparent evolutionary longueur, marked by the Precambrian record of prokaryotes and primitive eukaryotes, although our estimates of microbial diversity may be seriously incomplete. Subsequently there were various dramatic increases in diversity, including the Cambrian ‘explosion’ and the radiation of Palaeozoic–style faunas in the Ordovician. The causes of these events are far from resolved. It has also long been appreciated that the history of diversity has been punctuated by important extinctions. The subtleties and nuances of extinction as well as the survival of particular clades have to date, however, received rather too little attention, and there is still a tendency towards blanket assertions rather than a dissection of these extraordinary events. In addition, some but perhaps not all mass extinctions are characterized by long lag–times of recovery, which may reflect the slowing waning of extrinsic forcing factors or alternatively the incoherence associated with biological reassembly of stable ecosystems. The intervening periods between the identified mass extinctions may be less stable and benign than popularly thought, and in particular the frequency of extraterrestrial impacts leads to predictions of recurrent disturbance on timescales significantly shorter than the intervals separating the largest extinction events. Even at times of quietude it is far from clear whether biological communities enjoy stability and interlocked stasis or are dynamically reconstituted at regular intervals. Finally, can we yet rely on the present depictions of the rise and falls in the levels of ancient diversity? Existing data is almost entirely based on Linnean taxa, and the application of phylogenetic systematics to this problem is still in its infancy. Not only that, but even more intriguingly the pronounced divergence in estimates of origination times of groups as diverse as angiosperms, diatoms and mammals in terms of the fossil record as against molecular data point to the possibilities of protracted intervals of geological time with a cryptic diversity. If this is correct, and there are alternative explanations, then some of the mystery of adaptive radiations may be dispelled, in as much as the assembly of key features in the stem groups could be placed in a gradualistic framework of local adaptive response punctuated by intervals of opportunity.

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Der Beitrag der Paläontologie zur Biodiversitätsdebatte

Gudo¹,

Steininger²

2001

Ethics of Science and Technology Assessment

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Biogeography of cretaceous/tertiary (k/t) planktic foraminifera

Cited by 13 publications

References 111 publications

Testing patterns of Cretaceous-Tertiary planktonic foraminiferal extinction at El Kef (Tunisia)

Testing patterns of Cretaceous-Tertiary planktonic foraminiferal extinction at El Kef (Tunisia)

The evolution of diversity in ancient ecosystems: a review

Der Beitrag der Paläontologie zur Biodiversitätsdebatte

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