1. The lakeshore habitat, which is an interface zone between lake and land, harbours various organic particles providing nutrient-rich microhabitats for bacterial colonisation. Revealing the mechanisms maintaining the bacterial diversity generated on these particles is vital for understanding the biogeochemical processes within lakeshore habitats. To date, however, the bacterial communities within lakeshore habitats have been rarely explored, and knowledge of the ecological processes associated with their spatial distribution is limited.2. Here, we employed amplicon-based high throughput sequencing technology to investigate the composition, co-occurrence patterns, spatial distribution, and assembly processes of free-living and particle-attached bacterial communities (FLBC vs. PABC) across 29 lakeshore zones within freshwater lakes from two typical regions: Middle-Lower Yangtze River Plain and Yunnan-Kweichow Plateau.3. We found significant community dissimilarity between both bacterial lifestyles and regions. PABC exhibited higher community dissimilarity between the plain and plateau regions than FLBC did. Furthermore, eight operational taxonomic units were detected as a core bacterial community within the lakeshore habitats across the plain and plateau regions. Network analysis revealed that bacterial taxa preferring a particle-attached lifestyle exhibited more co-occurrence associations for both intra-and inter-community than the free-living lifestyle. Both FLBC and PABC showed significant distance-decay relationships in these two regions.Dispersal limitation was the most important process associated with patterns in the spatial distribution of FLBC and PABC, whereas the relative importance of variable and homogeneous selection differed between the assembly of FLBC and PABC because of differences in their microhabitats. 4. Our results highlight that dispersal limitation may be strongly associated with the spatial distribution of lakeshore bacterial communities at a regional scale.