CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats) is a versatile
technology that allows precise modification of genes. One of its most promising applications is
in cancer treatment. By targeting and editing specific genes involved in cancer development and
progression, CRISPR has the potential to become a powerful tool in the fight against cancer.
This review aims to assess the recent progress in CRISPR technology for cancer research and to
examine the obstacles and potential strategies to address them. The two most commonly used
CRISPR systems for gene editing are CRISPR/Cas9 and CRISPR/Cas12a. CRISPR/Cas9 employs
different repairing systems, including homologous recombination (HR) and nonhomologous
end joining (NHEJ), to introduce precise modifications to the target genes. However,
off-target effects and low editing efficiency are some of the main challenges associated with
this technology. To overcome these issues, researchers are exploring new delivery methods and
developing CRISPR/Cas systems with improved specificity. Moreover, there are ethical concerns
surrounding using CRISPR in gene editing, including the potential for unintended consequences
and the creation of genetically modified organisms. It is important to address these issues
through rigorous testing and strict regulations. Despite these challenges, the potential benefits
of CRISPR in cancer therapy cannot be overlooked. By introducing precise modifications to
cancer cells, CRISPR could offer a targeted and effective treatment option for patients with different
types of cancer. Further investigation and development of CRISPR technology are necessary
to overcome the existing challenges and harness its full potential in cancer therapy.
