Biohistorical materials and contemporary privacy concerns-the forensic case of King Albert I

Larmuseau, Maarten; Bekaert, Bram; Baumers, Maarten; Wenseleers, Tom; Deforce, Dieter; Borry, Pascal

doi:10.1016/j.fsigen.2016.07.008

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Investigating historic individuals based on genetic data still remains challenging and can only shed light on certain aspects of an individual, such as eye and hair color and a set of well established disease markers. Previous studies on historic individuals 1 – 6 , 8 solely focused on the control region of the mitochondrial DNA and in some cases on full mitochondrial genomes. Although this enabled the analysis of at least the maternal relatedness of historic individuals, the analysis of Y-chromosomal data accompanied by a set of autosomal genetic markers permits researchers to recreate a more detailed genetic picture of historic individuals than before.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One of the first attempts was made in 2007 on Sven Estridsen, the last Danish Viking king 1 , who died in 1074 AD. Other attempts in reconstructing the genetic legacy of historic individuals include the cases of Francesco Petrarca 2 , the identification of the family of Tsar Nicholas II of Russia 3 , the famous astronomer Nicolas Copernicus 4 , King Richard III of England 5 , the Dark Countess 6 , a proposed blood sample from King Louis XVI king of France 7 and most recently the Belgian King Albert I 8 . In all of these cases, (except for King Louis XVI, where an Exome and shallow WGS approach was performed), either partial mitochondrial information, such as the hypervariable sequence HVS-I, HVS-II or D-Loop of the mitochondria, or a full mitochondral genome were sequenced.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Inferring genetic origins and phenotypic traits of George Bähr, the architect of the Dresden Frauenkirche

Peltzer

Mittnik

Wang

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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For historic individuals, the outward appearance and other phenotypic characteristics remain often non-resolved. Unfortunately, images or detailed written sources are only scarcely available in many cases. Attempts to study historic individuals with genetic data so far focused on hypervariable regions of mitochondrial DNA and to some extent on complete mitochondrial genomes. To elucidate the potential of in-solution based genome-wide SNP capture methods - as now widely applied in population genetics - we extracted DNA from the 17th century remains of George Bähr, the architect of the Dresdner Frauenkirche. We were able to identify the remains to be of male origin, showing sufficient DNA damage, deriving from a single person and being thus likely authentic. Furthermore, we were able to show that George Bähr had light skin pigmentation and most likely brown eyes. His genomic DNA furthermore points to a Central European origin. We see this analysis as an example to demonstrate the prospects that new in-solution SNP capture methods can provide for historic cases of forensic interest, using methods well established in ancient DNA (aDNA) research and population genetics.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inferring genetic origins and phenotypic traits of George Bähr, the architect of the Dresden Frauenkirche

Peltzer

Mittnik

Wang

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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“…This tooth was embedded in epoxy resin and cut into two so that only the dentin and the root channel could be removed with a decontaminated dental drill. Multiplex DNA amplification of autosomal short tandem repeats (STRs) and STRs from the Y chromosome was done respectively according to Dognaux et al and Larmuseau et al [24–26] except for the number of cycles, which was raised to 34. The autosomal multiplex of 9 STRs (fragment size between 70 and 275 bp) includes also primers to amplify a sequence in an intron of the Amelogenin gene present on the sex chromosomes (123 bp on the X and 129 bp on the Y) [27].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An interdisciplinary study around the reliquary of the late cardinal Jacques de Vitry

Decorte

Polet

Boudin

et al. 2018

Preprint

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32The reliquary of Jacques de Vitry, a prominent clergyman and theologian in the early 33 13th century, has experienced several transfers over the last centuries, which seriously 34 question the attribution of the remains to the late Cardinal. Uncertainty about the year of his 35 birth poses an additional question regarding his age at death in 1240. The reliquary, located in 36 the Saint Marie d'Oigines church, Belgium, was reopened in 2015 for an interdisciplinary 37 study around his relics as well as the Treasure of Oignies, a remarkable cultural heritage 38 notably built from Jacques de Vitry's donation. Anthropological, isotopic and genetic 39 analyses were performed independently on the remains found in the reliquary. Results of the 40 analyses provided evidence that the likelihood that these remains are those of Jacques de 41 Vitry is very high: the remains belong to the same human male individual and the historical 42 tradition about his age is confirmed. In addition, a separate relic (left tibia) was analysed and 43 found to match with the remains of the reliquary (right tibia). The unique Jacques de Vitry's 44 mitre, made of parchment, was sampled non-destructively and the extracted parchment45collagen was analysed by a proteomic method in order to determine the animal species. The 46 results showed that, surprisingly, not all parts of the mitre were made from the same species. 47All together, these findings are expected to fertilize knowledge carried by historical tradition 48 around the relics of Jacques de Vitry and his related cultural heritage. 49

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“…238-240). While there have been instances where researchers have withheld historical genetic genealogy records to protect the genetic privacy of current generations (Larmuseau et al, 2016), such an approach would be problematic in the context of online genealogy records. It could only work by allowing someone to prevent upload of that portion of another's genome which they share through family inheritance and would make online genetic genealogy unworkable.…”

Section: Mining Public Genealogy Data: Different Policy Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Policy and regulatory implications of the new frontier of forensic genomics: direct-to-consumer genetic data and genealogy records

Scudder

McNevin

Kelty

et al. 2019

Current Issues in Criminal Justice

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Law enforcement is moving from targeted forensic DNA analysis to more extensive use of genomics in support of criminal investigations and for related purposes, such as the identification of human remains. The field of forensic genomics is data-driven and will continue to evolve as new capabilities are developed and new datasets are made accessible. Intelligence capabilities using forensic genomics include the prediction of externally visible characteristics and biogeographical ancestry, and the relatively new field of forensic genetic genealogy. This technique expands these capabilities by accessing public genetic datasets to identify potential relatives of the donor of DNA relating to an investigation. This exploitation of public datasets poses a range of ethical, legal and privacy challenges. The extended reach of these techniques expands these issues to entire families, across multiple jurisdictions. These legal challenges increase as attention turns to much larger, but less accessible, genetic data held by direct-toconsumer genetic genealogy providers.

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Biohistorical materials and contemporary privacy concerns-the forensic case of King Albert I

Cited by 10 publications

References 47 publications

Inferring genetic origins and phenotypic traits of George Bähr, the architect of the Dresden Frauenkirche

Inferring genetic origins and phenotypic traits of George Bähr, the architect of the Dresden Frauenkirche

An interdisciplinary study around the reliquary of the late cardinal Jacques de Vitry

Policy and regulatory implications of the new frontier of forensic genomics: direct-to-consumer genetic data and genealogy records

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