Bioimpact of Carbon Nanomaterials

“…Carbon nanomaterials have so far found their purpose in optics, medical implants, medical electronics, tissue scaffolds, and sensors, as well as in other biomedical devices and as a promising drug/gene/vaccine-delivery system [ 4 , 9 ]. Based on the dimensionality of their structure, carbon nanomaterials can be classified in one of the following groups: Zero-dimensional (0D), one-dimensional (1D), or two-dimensional (2D) materials ( Figure 2 ).…”

Section: General Properties Of Carbon Nanomaterialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Available studies indicate that FNPs predominantly accumulate in the liver, kidney, and spleen, although they can pass through cell membranes and transport via blood throughout the body [ 4 , 180 ]. It is well-known that FNPs are metabolized in the liver and then eliminated via urine and feces, which initially diminishes their predilection for distribution and toxicity [ 17 ].…”

Section: Biological Effects Of Carbon Nanomaterialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some ND particles are faceted, mainly forming a round shape (3-5 nm in diameter), whereby every particular nanodiamond is composed of a diamond core [68,72]. Water dispersions of NDs obtained by the ozone purification method are stable in a wide pH range (2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12) and have zeta (ζ) potential values from −50 to −100 mV, depending on the polydispersity of the system [69][70][71].…”

Section: Nanodiamondsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An inevitable consequence of the extensive production and widespread application of nanomaterials is their consequential presence in the environment. Before they are settled in soil or continue to flow within water sources, nanomaterials can be transformed as a result of different processes, thus changing their native properties [ 4 , 5 ]. Accumulation of nanomaterials in the soil and water makes these areas nanointoxicated and, as such, with the yet unravelled potential of causing various effects in plants, animals, fungi, microorganisms, and, consequently, humans.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Puzzling Potential of Carbon Nanomaterials: General Properties, Application, and Toxicity

et al. 2020

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Being a member of the nanofamily, carbon nanomaterials exhibit specific properties that mostly arise from their small size. They have proved to be very promising for application in the technical and biomedical field. A wide spectrum of use implies the inevitable presence of carbon nanomaterials in the environment, thus potentially endangering their whole nature. Although scientists worldwide have conducted research investigating the impact of these materials, it is evident that there are still significant gaps concerning the knowledge of their mechanisms, as well as the prolonged and chronic exposure and effects. This manuscript summarizes the most prominent representatives of carbon nanomaterial groups, giving a brief review of their general physico-chemical properties, the most common use, and toxicity profiles. Toxicity was presented through genotoxicity and the activation of the cell signaling pathways, both including in vitro and in vivo models, mechanisms, and the consequential outcomes. Moreover, the acute toxicity of fullerenol, as one of the most commonly investigated members, was briefly presented in the final part of this review. Thinking small can greatly help us improve our lives, but also obliges us to deeply and comprehensively investigate all the possible consequences that could arise from our pure-hearted scientific ambitions and work.

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