Bioimpedance analysis of fat free mass and its subcomponents and relative associations with maximal oxygen consumption in facioscapulohumeral dystrophy

Abstract

Purpose Fat free mass (FFM) is considered the metabolically active component of human body and is positively associated with maximal oxygen uptake ($${\text{VO}}_{2} {\text{max}}$$ VO 2 max ). However, FFM is composed of metabolically active and inactive subcomponents whose proportion can vary depending on body composition and clinical condition, possibly affecting such association. Although it is known that in facioscapulohumeral dystrophy (FSHD) peculiar changes in body composition occur, it is unclear whether there are alterations in FFM composition and, if so, whether such alterations affect the association towards $${\text{VO}}_{2} {\text{max}}$$ VO 2 max compared to healthy subjects (HS). Methods To address this issue, 27 FSHD patients (mean age 37.3; 9 female) and 27 sex and age matched HS, underwent an assessment of $${\text{VO}}_{2} {\text{max}}$$ VO 2 max by cardiopulmonary exercise tests (CPET) and body composition, with reference to FFM and its subcomponents, by bioimpedance analysis. Results In between-groups comparison, patients showed lower amounts of body cell mass (BCM) and intracellular water (ICW) which reflect in lower BCM/FFM ratio and higher extracellular to intracellular water ratio (ECW/ICW). Patients’ $${\text{VO}}_{2} {\text{max}}$$ VO 2 max was lower than HS and, even if with lower associative values than HS, correlated with FFM and BCM, while BCM/FFM and ECW/ICW ratios associations were observed only in HS. Conclusion FSHD patients showed lower amount of BCM and ICW. BCM resulted as the parameter with the highest associative value with VO2max in both groups. Since $${\text{VO}}_{2} {\text{max}}$$ VO 2 max is associated with functional ability in dystrophic patients, BCM, rather than FFM, could be an additional body composition-based clinical stratification factor.