Bioinformatics: Basics, Development, and Future

Abstract

Abstract"ioinformatics is an interdisciplinary scientific field of life sciences. "ioinformatics research and application include the analysis of molecular sequence and genomics data genome annotation, gene/protein prediction, and expression profiling molecular folding, modeling, and design building biological networks development of databases and data management systems development of software and analysis tools bioinformatics services and workflow mining of biomedical literature and text and bioinformatics education and training. "stronomical accumulation of genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics data as well as a need for their storage, analysis, annotation, organization, systematization, and integration into biological networks and database systems were the main driving forces for the emergence and development of bioinformatics. Current critical needs for bioinformatics among others highlighted in this chapter, however, are to understand basics and specifics of bioinformatics as well as to prepare new generation scientists and specialists with integrated, interdisciplinary, and multilingual knowledge who can use modern bioinformatics resources powered with sophisticated operating systems, software, and database/networking technologies. In this introductory chapter, I aim to give an overall picture on basics and developments of the bioinformatics field for readers with some future perspectives, highlighting chapters published in this book.

Generative Adversarial Networks and Its Applications in Biomedical Informatics

“…It applies conventional statistics, modern computer science, machine learning, and other modeling algorithms to explore large volumes of biological data, including molecular sequences of DNA, RNA, proteins and metabolites, and other whole genome data. Bioinformatics research and applications include analysis of molecular sequence and genomics data; genome annotation; molecular folding, modeling, and design; building biological networks; analysis of the cellular organization and computational evolutionary biology (95,96).…”

Current updates and research on plant-based vaccines for coronavirus disease 2019

“…Bioinformatics is one of the multidisciplinary approaches where it focuses on computer science and biology. One of the focuses of this field involves the structural and functional studies of genetic materials and to perform in silico analysis [ 18 19 ]. This scope of bioinformatics will be helpful in vaccine production, as bioinformatic tools will help to reduce the time in the antigen and the epitope selection process [ 18 20 ].…”

Bioinformatics: scope and challenges in aquaculture research of Bangladesh- a review

“…For instance, the shotgun sequencing techniques applied in Phage Φ-X174 and Haemophilus influenza genome sequencing has generated sequences of tens of thousands of small DNA fragments, ranging from 35 to 900 nucleotide bases and required the assembly of a complete bacterial genome (Sanger et al, 1977;Fleischmann et al, 1995). The terminals of these sequenced shotgun clones overlap and can be assembled using computerized similarity search algorithms (a critical area of bioinformatics research) into the complete genome (Mount, 2004;Abdurakhmonov, 2016). Additionally, manual genome annotation and prediction are literally impossible, therefore require computerized bioinformatics tools.…”

“…Research Areas Genomes 1) Phylogenetic analysis 2) Linkage analysis relating specific genes to diseases 3) Characterization of protein content metabolic pathways 4) Characterization of repeats 5) Structural assignments to genes Raw DNA sequence 1) Identification of introns and exons 2) Separating coding and non-coding regions 3) Forensic analysis 4) Gene product prediction Protein sequence 1) Multiple sequence alignments algorithms 2) Sequence comparison algorithms 3) Identification of conserved sequence motifs Gene expression 1) Mapping expression data to sequence, structural and biochemical data 2) Correlating expression patterns Macromolecular structure 1) Protein geometry measurements 2) Secondary, tertiary structure prediction 3) 3D structural alignment algorithms 4) Surface and volume shape calculations 5) Intermolecular interactions However, all presently available gene annotation and prediction software have been developed based on White's principles (Abdurakhmonov, 2016). In the process of gene finding and annotation (e.g.…”

“…Bioinformatics tools therefore are required to separate signal from noise in high-throughput gene expression researches (Abdurakhmonov, 2016). Bioinformatics is also required in protein identification (detecting complex sequence similarity) by protein microarrays and highthroughput mass spectrometry using protein sequence databases (Loo et al, 1999;Tom et al, 2013).…”