Bioinspired Carbon Nanotube Fuzzy Fiber Hair Sensor for Air‐Flow Detection

Maschmann, Matthew R.; Ehlert, Gregory J.; Dickinson, Benjamin T.; Phillips, David M.; Ray, Cody W.; Reich, Gregory W.; Baur, Jeffery W.

doi:10.1002/adma.201305285

Cited by 101 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…On the other hand, a large variation in local strain and compressibility of pyramid-shaped microstructures enhance force sensitivity and expand the dynamic sensing range of e-skins [13][14][15] . Inspired by the hierarchical structures in nature, such as insect legs, gecko foots, and beetle wings, pillar-shaped microstructures have been reported to provide selective and directional force-sensing properties, as well as stress-confinement effects [16][17][18][19] . In addition, the strong adhesion properties of pillar structures provide a new possibility for skinattachable and wearable healthcare devices 1 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, the strong adhesion properties of pillar structures provide a new possibility for skinattachable and wearable healthcare devices 1 . Considering these geometrical effects of microstructure arrays on the performance of e-skins, previously, geometrical parameters such as shape, size, and space of microstructure arrays have been controlled to enhance the mechanical sensitivity and operation range of piezoresistive 20 and capacitive e-skins 15 and the power generation of self-powered e-skins [16][17][18][21][22][23] . Since the geometrical shape of microstructure significantly affects the contact area and localized stress of microstructure under pressure, several attempts to find the relationship between the shape of microstructure and the sensitivity of various eskins have been performed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tailoring force sensitivity and selectivity by microstructure engineering of multidirectional electronic skins

et al. 2018

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Electronic skins (e-skins) with high sensitivity to multidirectional mechanical stimuli are crucial for healthcare monitoring devices, robotics, and wearable sensors. In this study, we present piezoresistive e-skins with tunable force sensitivity and selectivity to multidirectional forces through the engineered microstructure geometries (i.e., dome, pyramid, and pillar). Depending on the microstructure geometry, distinct variations in contact area and localized stress distribution are observed under different mechanical forces (i.e., normal, shear, stretching, and bending), which critically affect the force sensitivity, selectivity, response/relaxation time, and mechanical stability of e-skins. Microdome structures present the best force sensitivities for normal, tensile, and bending stresses. In particular, microdome structures exhibit extremely high pressure sensitivities over broad pressure ranges (47,062 kPa −1 in the range of <1 kPa, 90,657 kPa −1 in the range of 1-10 kPa, and 30,214 kPa −1 in the range of 10-26 kPa). On the other hand, for shear stress, micropillar structures exhibit the highest sensitivity. As proof-of-concept applications in healthcare monitoring devices, we show that our e-skins can precisely monitor acoustic waves, breathing, and human artery/carotid pulse pressures. Unveiling the relationship between the microstructure geometry of e-skins and their sensing capability would provide a platform for future development of high-performance microstructured e-skins.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tailoring force sensitivity and selectivity by microstructure engineering of multidirectional electronic skins

et al. 2018

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“…The simple, efficient, and tiny natural hair-based flow sensors provide an inspiration to address these difficulties. Miniature artificial flow sensors based on various transduction approaches have been created that are inspired by natural hairs (9,10,(17)(18)(19)(20)(21). Unfortunately, their motion relative to that of the surrounding flow is far less than that of natural hairs, significantly limiting their performance (9,10).…”

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confidence: 99%

Sensing fluctuating airflow with spider silk

Zhou

Miles

2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The ultimate aim of flow sensing is to represent the perturbations of the medium perfectly. Hundreds of millions of years of evolution resulted in hair-based flow sensors in terrestrial arthropods that stand out among the most sensitive biological sensors known, even better than photoreceptors which can detect a single photon (10 −18 -10 −19 J) of visible light. These tiny sensory hairs can move with a velocity close to that of the surrounding air at frequencies near their mechanical resonance, despite the low viscosity and low density of air. No man-made technology to date demonstrates comparable efficiency. Here we show that nanodimensional spider silk captures fluctuating airflow with maximum physical efficiency (V silk /V air ∼ 1) from 1 Hz to 50 kHz, providing an effective means for miniaturized flow sensing. Our mathematical model shows excellent agreement with experimental results for silk with various diameters: 500 nm, 1.6 μm, and 3 μm. When a fiber is sufficiently thin, it can move with the medium flow perfectly due to the domination of forces applied to it by the medium over those associated with its mechanical properties. These results suggest that the aerodynamic property of silk can provide an airborne acoustic signal to a spider directly, in addition to the wellknown substrate-borne information. By modifying a spider silk to be conductive and transducing its motion using electromagnetic induction, we demonstrate a miniature, directional, broadband, passive, low-cost approach to detect airflow with full fidelity over a frequency bandwidth that easily spans the full range of human hearing, as well as that of many other mammals.spider silk | airborne motion | flow sensing | acoustics | nanodimensional fiber M iniaturized flow sensing with high spatial and temporal resolution is crucial for numerous applications, such as high-resolution flow mapping (1), controlled microfluidic systems (2), unmanned microaerial vehicles (3-5), boundary-layer flow measurement (6), low-frequency sound-source localization (7), and directional hearing aids (8). It has important socioeconomic impacts involved with defense and civilian tasks, biomedical and healthcare, energy saving and noise reduction of aircraft, natural and man-made hazard monitoring and warning, etc (1-10). Traditional flow-sensing approaches such as laser Doppler velocimetry, particle image velocimetry, and hot-wire anemometry have demonstrated significant success in certain applications. However, their applicability in a small space is often limited by their large size, high power consumption, limited bandwidth, high interaction with medium flow, and/or complex setups. There are many examples of sensory hairs in nature that sense fluctuating flow by deflecting in a direction perpendicular to their long axis due to forces applied by the surrounding medium (11-16). The simple, efficient, and tiny natural hair-based flow sensors provide an inspiration to address these difficulties. Miniature artificial flow sensors based on various transduction appr...

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“…These properties make carbon nanotubes valuable for a wide range of applications. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] In recent years, considerable efforts have been made to fabricate different carbon morphologies and explore their application in various fields, including composites, electrochemical devices, field emission devices, nanoscale electronic devices, and sensors. In order to fully utilize the superior performance of Multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), a feasible approach is to prepare MWCNT-based polymer composites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Constructing of Highly Ordered 3D Network of Carbon Nanotube inside Polymer Matrix and the Improvements in Properties of the Composites

Yang¹

2019

AJPST

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In the past few decades, carbon nanotube-filled polymer composites have attracted the attention of many researchers with their excellent performance. However, the currently known methods of preparing composite materials do not maximize the performance of the carbon nanotubes themselves. In this work, by using our proposed "particle-constructing" method, multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) connected with each other to form highly ordered 3D network structure in polystyrene (PS) matrix. The strategy contains two steps as follows. First, MWCNTs-coated PS composite particles were prepared by the thermodynamic driving heterocoargulation method, without any requirement to surface modification or surface treatment whether for the MWCNTs or the PS microspheres. Then, the resultant MWCNTs-coated PS composite particles are used as building blocks to fabricate the highly ordered 3D MWCNT-based PS composite materials by a general compression mould at room temperature and a subsequent heat treatment at an appropriate temperature. We discuss in detail the effects of PS particle size, oxidation of MWCNTs and their length on the electrical conductivity of materials. The fabricated MWCNTbased PS composite materials exhibited excellent properties such as a much higher electrical and mechanical properties. Moreover, the method and process are pretty simple, convenient and environment-friendly for obtaining the unique composite structure and excellent properties.

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Bioinspired Carbon Nanotube Fuzzy Fiber Hair Sensor for Air‐Flow Detection

Cited by 101 publications

References 23 publications

Tailoring force sensitivity and selectivity by microstructure engineering of multidirectional electronic skins

Tailoring force sensitivity and selectivity by microstructure engineering of multidirectional electronic skins

Sensing fluctuating airflow with spider silk

Constructing of Highly Ordered 3D Network of Carbon Nanotube inside Polymer Matrix and the Improvements in Properties of the Composites

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