Bioinspired neuron-like electronics

Yang, Xiao; Zhou, Tao; Zwang, Theodore J.; Hong, Guosong; Zhao, Yunlong; Viveros, Robert D.; Fu, Tian-Ming; Gao, Teng; Lieber, Charles M.

doi:10.1038/s41563-019-0292-9

Cited by 326 publications

(384 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…e–g) Ways to decrease interfacial impedance include: e) surface modification such as CNT‐modified tungsten electrode and Pt‐modified Si electrode array, f) polymer‐based, and g) ion‐conductive electrode. Size modulation images: Left and middle part: Reproduced with permission . Copyright 2019, Springer Nature; Right part: Reproduced with permission .…”

Section: Stretchable and Conformal Sensors For Cyber Biophysical Intementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Size modulation such as decreasing diameter and material thicknesses is commonly used to achieve conformability enabled by strain engineering . In neuron activity recording, electrodes with the neuron‐like dimensions shows reduced mechanical stiffness by 5–20 times compared to reported flexible probes, which allows the probing and modulation of electrical and chemical signals at subcellular scale (Figure b) . Decreasing thickness is widely used as bending strains are in reverse proportional to thickness.…”

Section: Stretchable and Conformal Sensors For Cyber Biophysical Intementioning

confidence: 99%

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Cyber–Physiochemical Interfaces

et al. 2020

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Living things rely on various physical, chemical, and biological interfaces, e.g., somatosensation, olfactory/gustatory perception, and nervous system response. They help organisms to perceive the world, adapt to their surroundings, and maintain internal and external balance. Interfacial information exchanges are complicated but efficient, delicate but precise, and multimodal but unisonous, which has driven researchers to study the science of such interfaces and develop techniques with potential applications in health monitoring, smart robotics, future wearable devices, and cyber physical/human systems. To understand better the issues in these interfaces, a cyber–physiochemical interface (CPI) that is capable of extracting biophysical and biochemical signals, and closely relating them to electronic, communication, and computing technology, to provide the core for aforementioned applications, is proposed. The scientific and technical progress in CPI is summarized, and the challenges to and strategies for building stable interfaces, including materials, sensor development, system integration, and data processing techniques are discussed. It is hoped that this will result in an unprecedented multi‐disciplinary network of scientific collaboration in CPI to explore much uncharted territory for progress, providing technical inspiration—to the development of the next‐generation personal healthcare technology, smart sports‐technology, adaptive prosthetics and augmentation of human capability, etc.

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Section: Stretchable and Conformal Sensors For Cyber Biophysical Intementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Stretchable and Conformal Sensors For Cyber Biophysical Intementioning

confidence: 99%

Cyber–Physiochemical Interfaces

et al. 2020

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“…With respect to mechanical properties, a balance must be struck between two contradicting requirements: flexibility to allow pulsation together with brain tissue on the one hand, and rigidity to enable carrier-less targeted implantation on the other hand. Current approaches to striking a balance in this regard are to insert very soft electrodes via a thin carrier needle 22,23 or to inject them propulsively under pressure 8,9,10,26 . These approaches reduce insertion trauma, but suffer from long-term instability and limited accuracy in targeting, respectively.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Packaging and surgical approach are also important to achieve atraumatic implantation and stable chronic single unit recordings. The most successful approaches to date for recording from clearly isolated single units while maintaining stable waveforms over several weeks have been based on thin and flexible microwires 6,32,8,7,26 . This success is presumably because the thin microwires move flexibly with brain micromovements, thereby keeping the tip in a stable position relative to the units it is recording from.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Electrochemical Roughening and Carbon Nanotube Coating of Tetrodes for Chronic Single-Unit Recording

Xia

Arias-Gil

Deckert

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Recording from single neurons in the brain for long periods of time has been a central goal in both basic neuroscience and translational neurology, in order to understand mechanisms underlying brain processes such as learning and to understand the pathogenesis of neurodynamic disease states 1 . Recent advances in materials engineering, digital signal acquisition, and analysis algorithms have brought us closer to achieving this goal, and the possibility has gathered much public attention 2,3 . However, it remains a challenge to record from the same units for weeks to months. Here, we record many high-quality tetrode neuronal signals reliably over long periods of time in both deep and superficial areas of the brain. We achieve this by combining electrochemical roughening and carbon nanotube coating of a flexible platinum/iridium substrate, with materials, packaging, and insertion optimized to minimize tip movement with brain pulsation. This "Magdeburger" probe enables recordings with long-term signal stability and high signal-to-noise ratio at a reasonable cost in both rodent brains and in substantially larger primate brains. Robust tetrode tracking of identified neurons over longer time periods, in multiple independently targeted areas of the brain, will allow fundamental advances in the study of cognitive learning, aging, and pathogenesis, and opens new possibilities for brain interfaces in humans.Currently, four main classes of electrodes are standard for chronic in vivo recordings of neural activity: microwire arrays, Utah arrays, silicon probes, and flexible thin polyimide-based electrodes 4 . These electrodes were designed to record from as many units (neurons) as possible-however, long-term stable recordings from tetrode-identified single units and juxtacellular recordings are rarely reported.Microwire arrays are made of insulated sharpened metals, packaged in brush-or comb-like arrays 5,6,7 . In selected cases, these electrodes demonstrate stable single unit recordings over months 6,7 . Recently, solidstate-based versions of such a thin-wire brush approach have been proposed 8,9,10 . The small diameter of

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Engineering Materials for Neurotechnology

Ghezzi

2023

Adv Eng Mater

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A crucial issue for a neural interface is the chronic foreign body reaction (FBR) upon implantation. [1][2][3] Avoiding the FBR, or at least reducing its severity, is necessary to preserve the long-term functioning of neural interfaces. [4][5][6] Yet, this is still an open research question. The FBR is traditionally described as a passive barrier encapsulating the device, altering the neural interface, and impairing implant-to-cell communication. [2,7,8] Besides acting as a passive insulating barrier, soluble factors released during the inflammatory and fibrotic process can accelerate device degradation and electrode corrosion. [9] The FBR is inevitable whenever any material becomes in contact with body fluids. [10] In contrast, materials engineering and advanced fabrication processes can minimize its severity, for example, by improving the mechanical compliance of the implant, decreasing the device size, and reducing implantation and chronic trauma. [3] One of the most common limitations of neural interfaces is the mechanical mismatch between the stiff neural implant and the soft neural tissue. This mismatch intensifies the neural damage and FBR caused by insertion, compression, and motion. [11] The neural tissue is curved, soft, dynamic, and subject to deformations caused, for example, by blood pulsation, respiratory pressure, and natural body movements. [11,12] By contrast, most neural interfaces are static and struggle to conform to neural tissue in static and dynamic conditions. A large body of research in neural interfaces addresses this issue using flexible, conformable, or stretchable neural interfaces (Figure 1).Polyimide (PI), parylene-C, and SU-8 are widely used materials in flexible neural interfaces. [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] The advantages of these materials are their biochemical and thermal stability, and their compatibility with clean-room microfabrication processes. [23][24][25] However, they exhibit high Young's modulus (GPa range) and limited elastic deformation (<3%). [26] Ultra-thin neural interfaces made of these materials still reach low bending stiffness if sufficiently thin (<15 μm) despite the high Young's modulus. [27] They can conform to a cylindrical body such as a nerve or a smooth brain surface (Figure 1a), thus reducing the FBR severity. [23] Moreover, ultra-thin neural interfaces with a small cross-sectional area also can minimize tissue damage during penetration (Figure 1b). [22,24,28] Conformability to cylindrical or smooth surfaces is sufficient in rodents, but more is needed for large and complex surfaces with gyri, like in primates, where spherical conformability is required. Because of the limited elastic deformation, conformability to convoluted surfaces is difficult to achieve with these materials. Compliance with neural macro-and micro-movements is also reduced. [26] Elastomers exhibit a lower Young's modulus of at least three orders of magnitude (MPa range) and a much broader elastic regime under strain (>20%). Bending stiffness is influenced by both thick...

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Bioinspired neuron-like electronics

Cited by 326 publications

References 52 publications

Cyber–Physiochemical Interfaces

Cyber–Physiochemical Interfaces

Electrochemical Roughening and Carbon Nanotube Coating of Tetrodes for Chronic Single-Unit Recording

Engineering Materials for Neurotechnology

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