“…An array of studies (expanding in a very wide range of possible applications) summarised in several reviews [128][129][130][131] has followed the first polydopamine account [65], in which the process parameters were varied, aiming to address some of the issues with polydopamine coatings [128,129,131]: slow coating thickness build-up and high roughness (at least for some applications), narrow pH range, incorporation of Tris HCl in the polydopamine structure (due to its amine group) and at best modest mechanical properties. For this purpose, essentially all process parameters (concentration, solvent, temperature, immersion time, amine-free buffer molecules, additional oxidant, pH, additional UV/microwave energy) have been re-visited [128][129][130][131], including dopamine itself: it has been shown rather quickly that this oxidative self-polymerisation approach is applicable to a range of catecholamines, including l-DOPA itself [132] (this polymer however, poly(DOPA), is not to be confused with linear poly(l-DOPA) presented in Scheme 8), and norepinephrine [133]. Thermal annealing of PDA coatings (at 130 • C under vacuum) has been recently proposed as a facile way to enhance their mechanical robustness [134].…”