Bioinspired Ultra‐Robust Ionogels Constructed with Soft‐Rigid Confinement Space for Multimodal Monitoring Electronics

Abstract

Ionogels are compelling materials for flexible hybrid electronics owing to their attractive physical properties and infinite adjustability of chemical structures. However, ionogels must be sufficiently strong to ensure durability, stability, and a wide range of strains in various applications to make electronic systems mechanically compliant. Inspired by the hierarchical structure of multiphase substances in the skin, it is fabricated several transparent (>90%) and ultra‐robust (tensile strength >17 MPa, toughness >40 MJ m−3, and elongation ≈300%) ionogels via in situ polymerization of polymers with the different binding abilities to the ionic liquid by forming soft and rigid confinement space. This strategy can also be applied to other ionic liquids and polymers. Furthermore, the designed ionogel sensors can be used to develop a wearable intelligent health monitoring system capable of monitoring health‐related physiological signals, such as temperature, body tremors, wrist pulse, breathing, and gestures, for predicting and responding to emergencies, which will pave the way for wearable security monitoring technology.

Biological applications of lipoic acid-based polymers: an old material with new promise

“…Moreover, the presence of disulfide bonds within the main chain imparts additional thermal/photosensitivity while promoting remoldability and recyclability. Wang et al 70 incorporated an ionic liquid into ethanol-induced polymerized PLA to fabricate an ionic gel, which could then serve as a flexible sensor for monitoring the physiological temperature signals of firefighters. The weak hydrogen bond interactions between the ions and the carboxyl groups on the molecular chain promoted molecular chain deformation, facilitating the movement of positive/negative ions within the polymer composite under strain.…”

Self-adaptive high-temperature gels with long-lasting underwater stability for environmentally tolerant flexible sensors and water-writing papers

“…30 Wang et al successfully developed an ionogel sensor for a wearable intelligent health monitoring system capable of monitoring health-related physiological signals, such as breathing, wrist pulse, body tremors, and temperature. 31 Jia and co-workers reported a sticky, thermal tolerant and tough ionogel that could be assembled into an epidermal sensor to reliably monitor the different human body actions. 32…”

“…30 Wang et al successfully developed an ionogel sensor for a wearable intelligent health monitoring system capable of monitoring health-related physiological signals, such as breathing, wrist pulse, body tremors, and temperature. 31 Jia and co-workers reported a sticky, thermal tolerant and tough ionogel that could be assembled into an epidermal sensor to reliably monitor the different human body actions. 32 In this work, 2-phenoxyethyl acrylate (PEA), acrylic acid (AA) and methacrylamide (MAm) monomers were simultaneously introduced into a mixed solvent of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and the 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ionic liquid ([Bmim]Cl IL) to develop a versatile PEA-AA-MAm/IL gel by a one-step UV-initiated copolymerization strategy (Fig.…”

Compliant Iontronic Triboelectric Gels with Phase-Locked Structure Enabled by Competitive Hydrogen Bonding

“…Phase separation arises from differences in polymer solubility, resulting in the spontaneous formation of two-phase structures, where the hard phase is embedded in the soft phase to form a self-assembled phase-locked structure [ 25 ]. In this structure, rigid, hard phases dissipate a substantial amount of energy during stress, while flexible, soft phases prevent stress concentration and enable substantial deformation [ 26 , 27 ]. Block copolymerization of polymers is the most common method for inducing phase separation, where soft and hard chain segments are constructed by controlling the content of each component [ 28 ].…”