Biointerfaced sensors for biodiagnostics

Abstract

Biointerfaced sensors have emerged as a new paradigm for medical applications that require an interface and/or intimate contact with biological components/systems such as cells, tissues, and whole organs. This article provides a review of the concept, design, and device characteristics of biointerfaced sensors needed for successful implementation of biodiagnostics and monitoring. It begins by presenting and discussing the different considerations that arise from artificial interfaces with different biological environments. It then explores the main strategies for sensor and material design, while highlighting the required chemistry, structure, and mechanical properties needed to maintain an unperturbed interface with the surrounding biological environment. Finally, the review discusses successful state‐of‐the‐art demonstrations of body monitoring and biodiagnostics, focusing on the brain, heart, muscles, skin, teeth, and other tissues for medical purposes. Insights, perspectives, and recommendations for future research are presented.

Skin bioelectronics towards long-term, continuous health monitoring

“…[12][13][14] The collected biometric information offers powerful analysis of a broad spectrum of health status, opening a route for predictive disease prevention, screening, diagnoses, and treatment in a convenient and non-invasive way. [15][16][17] Representative skin bioelectronics are shown in Fig. 1.…”

“…[18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29] The development of skin bioelectronics has shown their capabilities of high precision health monitoring and biodiagonise. 17,30 There are many reviews focused on skin or wearable electronics for health monitoring. Some summarize advanced materials or devices, 7,11,31 some put emphases on the…”

A Wearable Microneedle‐Based Extended Gate Transistor for Real‐Time Detection of Sodium in Interstitial Fluids

“…Wearable devices based on sweat or ISF biosensing [18][19][20] have considerable advantage in monitoring (e.g., through perspiration) multi-physiological indexes and biomarkers [21,22] (e.g., Sodium is a prominent prognostic biomarker for assessing health status, such as dysnatremia. As of now, detection and monitoring of sodium levels in the human body is carried out by means of laborious and bulky laboratory equipmentand/or by offline analysis of various body fluids.…”

Artificial intelligence‐enhanced skin‐like sensors based on flexible nanogenerators

“…SLSs mainly contain special geometric designs or are made by flexible organic materials, and their specific fabrication strategies include implanting conductive fillers on flexible substrates, applying conductive polymer hydrogels, and encapsulating liquid metals. SLSs have been widely used in the field of health monitoring, including body fluid sensing, 1 bioelectric signal sensing, 2,3 and biomechanical signal sensing. 4,5 For example, Pu et al developed a flexible transparent sensor based on triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG), which can effectively capture blink motion with ultra-high signal level.…”