Bioleaching of realgar by Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans using ferrous iron and elemental sulfur as the sole and mixed energy sources

Chen, Peng; Yan, Lei; Leng, Feifan; Nan, Wenbing; Yue, Xiaoxuan; Zheng, Yani; Feng, Na; Li, Hongyu

doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2010.11.059

Cited by 80 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Higher proportion of arsenic is accessible for absorption from traditional Chinese medicine formulae such as Niuhang Jiedu Pian, a Chinese over-the-counter pill containing arsenic in the form of realgar [7], where its toxicity is alleviated by four herbs present in formula and is lower than toxicity of realgar alone [8]. Several physical, chemical or biological procedures are proposed to improve the solubility of realgar [9][10][11]. Among them, highenergy milling belongs to one of the most promising tools for improvement of realgar solubility due to the decreasing of particle diameter to the nanosize scale [12][13][14].…”

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confidence: 99%

Realgar (As4S4) nanoparticles and arsenic trioxide (As2O3) induced autophagy and apoptosis in human melanoma cells in vitro

Pastorek¹,

Gronesova²,

Cholujová³

et al. 2014

neo

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The aim of the present study was to compare the effect of realgar nanoparticles and arsenic trioxide (ATO) on viability, DNA damage, proliferation, autophagy and apoptosis in the human melanoma cell lines BOWES and A375. The application of various flow cytometric methods for measurements cell viability, DNA cell cycle, mitochondrial potential, lysosomal activity, and intracellular content of glutathione was used. In addition, quantitative PCR, western blotting and multiplex bead array analyses were applied for evaluation of redox stress, autophagic flux, and cell signaling alterations.The results showed that realgar treatment of studied cells caused modulation of cell proliferation, induced a block in G2/M phase of the cell cycle and altered phosphorylation of IκB, Akt, ERK1/2, p38, and JNK kinases, as well as decreased mitochondrial membrane potential. Additionally, it appeared that induction of cell death by both realgar and ATO was dose-dependent, when lower (0.3 µM) dosage increased lysosomal activity and induced autophagy and higher (1.25 µM) concentration resulted in the appearance of apoptosis, while pan-caspase inhibitor attenuated more efficiently realgar-than ATO-induced cell death. Furthermore, low concentrations of ATO and realgar nanoparticles increased the content of intracellular glutathione and elevated γ-H2AX expression confirmed DNA damage preferentially at higher concentrations of both drugs used. Further analysis revealed slight differences in time-dependent phosphorylation pattern due to both realgar and ATO treatments, while significant differences were noticed between cell lines.In conclusion, realgar nanoparticles and ATO treatment induced dose-dependent activation of autophagy and apoptosis in both melanoma cell lines, when autophagy flux was determined at lower drug concentrations and the switch to apoptosis occurred at higher concentrations of both arsenic forms.Key words : realgar, autophagy, cell cycle, DNA damage, Nrf2, chloroquine, glutathione Arsenic has been accepted to be a poison for years and it is generally considered as an extremely effective environmental co-carcinogen for some human malignancies, especially for skin and lung cancer [1]. The toxicity of arsenicals depends on their chemical states, exposure dose, the biological species, age and gender, as well as on individual susceptibilities, genetic and nutritional factors [2]. Largely, to living organisms methylated trivalent arsenicals are more toxic and pentavalent metabolites are less toxic than arsenite (iAs III ) [3,4]. In 2002, a pilot clinical study of pure realgar in treatment of patients with APL was conducted in China, and impressive responses were achieved and reported [5]. Realgar is a mineral composed mainly of tetra-arsenic tetra-sulfide (As 4 S 4 ), which is also called red arsenic due to its a deep red color (Xionghuang in Chinese). Low solubility of arsenic in realgar, using water as a solvent (0.4%), can be increased to approximately 1.5% by leaching in artificial body fluid [6]. Higher proportion of...

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confidence: 99%

Realgar (As4S4) nanoparticles and arsenic trioxide (As2O3) induced autophagy and apoptosis in human melanoma cells in vitro

Pastorek¹,

Gronesova²,

Cholujová³

et al. 2014

neo

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“…The members of this super family act upon α-oxycarboxylate substrate and cleave C-C or P-C bonds. All the PEPM/ICL superfamily members require divalent metal (manganese or magnesium) cofactors for their catalytic activities, where these cofactors play the role of mediators in the interaction between the enzyme and substrate (Chen et al 2011).…”

Section: 2 Complex or Chelating Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial Recovery of Nickel from Lateritic (Oxidic) Nickel Ore: A Review

Sukla

Behera

Pradhan

2013

Geomicrobiology and Biogeochemistry

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Nickel is a strategically important metal. Nickel was used much earlier before it was scientifically discovered in 1751 by a Swedish scientist Cronstedt. Nickel is the 24th most abundant element in the Earth's crust, comprising about 3 % of the composition of the earth. It is the 5th most abundant element by weight after iron, oxygen, magnesium and silicon (Cempel and Nickel 2006). The wide applications of nickel in anti-corrosion materials manufacturing, stainless steel and alloy steel production, chemical industries, electrical and electronic equipment, etc. require vast sources of nickel. Sulphidic and lateritic (oxidic) are the two principal types of nickel deposits present in the world.Laterites are oxidic ores extensively found in tropical regions of the world. They were formed by the laterisation process of ultramafic rocks. Laterites are the weathering products of the ultramafic rocks in the earth crust (Le et al. 2006). The warm climate and abundant rainfalls are the favourable environmental conditions for formation of laterites. Lateritic deposits are broadly classified into limonite and saprolite types. Limonites or the oxidic laterites are highly enriched with iron oxides; however, the saprolites are silicate-dominated lateritic minerals (Chang et al. 2010). Majority of the laterites found on the surface of earth crust are limonite [(Fe, Ni) (Simate et al. 2010;Golightly 1981).Lateritic nickel deposits contribute about 80 % of the land-based nickel reserves of the world. However, only 40 % of global nickel is produced from laterites (Valix and Loon 2003). The underutilisation of the vast resources may be attributed to higher processing cost (Thomas 1995). Presently, most of the global nickel

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“…biohydrometallurgy. [7][8][9][10][11][12][13] The advantages of bioleaching of ores and concentrates are compared to conventional metodes, such as pyrometallurgy,reflected in: the potential for processing of low-grade deposits and deposits with significant amounts of arsenic, [14][15][16][17][18] reprocessing waste, lower energy consumption, as well as environmental benefits (e.g., no toxic gases). 19 In the industrial leaching processes, microorganisms that are found in nature can be used.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Catalytic Role of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans for Metals Extraction from Mining - Metallurgical Resource

Maluckov

2017

BIJ

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Bioleaching of realgar by Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans using ferrous iron and elemental sulfur as the sole and mixed energy sources

Cited by 80 publications

References 27 publications

Realgar (As4S4) nanoparticles and arsenic trioxide (As2O3) induced autophagy and apoptosis in human melanoma cells in vitro

Realgar (As4S4) nanoparticles and arsenic trioxide (As2O3) induced autophagy and apoptosis in human melanoma cells in vitro

Microbial Recovery of Nickel from Lateritic (Oxidic) Nickel Ore: A Review

The Catalytic Role of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans for Metals Extraction from Mining - Metallurgical Resource

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