Biologic Activity of Hydroxylamine: A Review

Gross, Paul R.; Smith, Roger P.

doi:10.3109/10408448509023765

Cited by 131 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…For instance, hydroxylamine, which is endogenously produced by cells (69,73) has been shown to inhibit numerous enzymes (20), convert hemoglobin to methemoglobin (37,63), and generate hypotension (37, 73) when administered exogenously. Thus, the increased f H and Q sys , in response to hydroxylamine at 21°C in normoxic turtles (Table 2) likely reflects barostatic regulation of P sys in response to peripheral vasodilation and/or a heightened Q sys to maintain oxygen delivery to tissues in face of a reduced oxygen carrying capacity.…”

Section: Critique Of Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vasoactivity of hydrogen sulfide in normoxic and anoxic turtles (Trachemys scripta)

Stecyk

Skovgaard

Nilsson

et al. 2010

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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of hydrogen sulfide in normoxic and anoxic turtles (Trachemys scripta). Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 298: R1225-R1239, 2010. First published February 17, 2010 doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00521.2009.-Systemic vascular resistance (Rsys) of freshwater turtles increases substantially during anoxia, but the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. We investigated whether hydrogen sulfide (H2S), an endogenously produced metabolite believed to be an O 2 sensor/ transducer of vasomotor tone, contributes to the increased R sys of anoxic red-eared slider turtles (Trachemys scripta). Vascular infusion of the H 2S donor NaHS in anesthetized turtles at 21°C and fully recovered normoxic turtles at 5°C and 21°C revealed H 2S to be a potent vasoconstrictor of the systemic circulation. Likewise, wire myography of isolated turtle mesenteric and pulmonary arteries demonstrated H 2S to mediate an anoxia-induced constriction. Intriguingly, however, NaHS did not exert vasoconstrictory effects during anoxia (6 h at 21°C; 14 days at 5°C) when plasma H 2S concentration, estimated from the colorimetric measurement of plasma acid-labile sulfide concentration, likely increased by ϳ3-and 4-fold during anoxia at 21°C, and 5°C, respectively. Yet, blockade of endogenous H 2S production by DL-propargylglycine or hydroxylamine (0.44 mmol/kg) partially reversed the decreased systemic conductance (G sys) exhibited by 5°C anoxic turtles. These findings suggest that the signal transduction pathway of H 2S-mediated vasoactivity is either maximally activated in the systemic circulation of anoxic turtles and/or that it is oxygen dependent. red-eared slider; anoxia; temperature; cardiovascular; systemic resistance; pulmonary resistance; blood pressure; heart NORTH AMERICAN FRESHWATER turtles of the genera Trachemys, Chrysemys, and Chelydra exhibit a remarkable ability to survive a prolonged lack of oxygen (anoxia). At high temperatures (20 -25°C), these turtles successfully recover after 24 h of anoxia, but they can survive weeks to months without oxygen at the low temperatures, at which these animals overwinter (3-5°C) (57, 71). The exceptional anoxia tolerance is achieved through a profound reduction of whole animal metabolic rate, which slows metabolic fuel use and the rate of waste accumulation (21, 30) and the ability to use bone and shell as buffers to ameliorate the catastrophic acidosis that otherwise would accompany the sustained anaerobic metabolism (29,53).The large reduction in metabolism is attended by a pronounced lowering of cardiovascular performance during anoxia, where heart rate (f H ) and systemic blood flow (Q sys ) are drastically reduced and where pulmonary blood flow (Q pul ) virtually ceases (16,23,25,(65)(66)(67). While systemic blood pressure (P sys ) also decreases during anoxia, the reduction in Q sys is considerably larger, indicating a substantial (3-to 5-fold) increase in systemic peripheral resistance (R sys ). At high temperatures, the rise in R sys is largely due to increased ␣-adrenergic tone (54, 65), but ...

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Section: Critique Of Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vasoactivity of hydrogen sulfide in normoxic and anoxic turtles (Trachemys scripta)

Stecyk

Skovgaard

Nilsson

et al. 2010

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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“…[5] Reduced nitrogen oxides (relative to NO) such as hydroxylamine (NH 2 OH) have received much less recent attention but have been studied in the past with regards to their biological activity/toxicity. [6] Most nitrogen oxides have been examined previously to the extent that the mechanisms of their biological actions can be gleaned from what is known about their chemical properties and reactivity. However, among all nitrogen oxides, the one-electron reduced NO species, nitroxyl (HNO), remains poorly understood and inadequately studied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Chemistry and Biology of Nitroxyl (HNO): A Chemically Unique Species with Novel and Important Biological Activity

2005

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“…1 Modest levels of hydroxylamine can be toxic to humans, animals, and even plants. 2 Because of its bacteriotoxicity, government regulations have called for waste stream levels for hydroxylamine to be under low ppm level to ensure that local marine species are not endangered. Therefore, development of a sensitive analytical method for the determination of low levels of hydroxylamine is of significant importance from the industrial, environmental and health viewpoints.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indirect Kinetic Spectrophotometric Determination of Hydroxylamine Based on Its Reaction with Iodate

2006

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Hydroxylamine is used in the preparation of hydroxamates. A series of novel bicyclic hydroxamates have recently been discovered that could be useful for treating a broad range of inflammatory disorders.1 Modest levels of hydroxylamine can be toxic to humans, animals, and even plants. 2 Because of its bacteriotoxicity, government regulations have called for waste stream levels for hydroxylamine to be under low ppm level to ensure that local marine species are not endangered. Therefore, development of a sensitive analytical method for the determination of low levels of hydroxylamine is of significant importance from the industrial, environmental and health viewpoints.Several methods have been reported for the determination of hydroxylamine. Theses include spectrophotometry, 3-5 indirect potentiometry, 6 polarography, 7 HPLC, 8 biamperometry 9 and gas chromatography. 10 Kinetic methods of chemical analysis are attractive methods for rapid determination of trace amounts of inorganic species. 11,12 These methods have some advantages including high sensitivity, extremely low detection limit, good selectivity, rapid analysis and inexpensive instruments such as a spectrophotometer or spectrofluorometer. To our knowledge there is no report on the determination of hydroxylamine by kinetic methods.In this paper we propose a simple, rapid, accurate and precise method for the determination of hydroxylamine. The method is based on the oxidation of hydroxylamine with iodate, followed by the reaction of the produced nitrite ion with neutral red. Hydroxylamine as low as 0.040 µg mL -1 could be determined by the proposed method. Experimental ReagentsTriply distilled water and analytical-reagent grade chemicals were used. A 1000 µg mL -1 hydroxylamine stock solution was prepared by dissolving 0.2106 g of hydroxylamine hydrochloride (Merck) in water and diluting to the mark in a 100 mL volumetric flask. A 0.047 mol L -1 iodate solution was prepared by dissolving 1.0000 g of KIO3 (Merck) in water and diluting to 100 mL in a volumetric flask. A solution of 3.46 × 10 -4 mol L -1 neutral red was prepared by dissolving 0.01 g of neutral red (Merck) in water and diluting to 100 mL with water. A 3.0 M sulfuric acid solution was prepared by appropriate dilution of concentrated sulfuric acid (Merck). ApparatusA Perkin Elmer Lambda 45 UV/Vis spectrometer was used for recording absorbance spectra. Absorption measurements at fixed wavelength were performed using a Shimadzu Model UVmini-1240V spectrophotometer. ProcedureAll the solutions were equilibrated in a 25˚C thermostated water bath before beginning the reaction.The reaction was followed spectrophotometrically by monitoring the change in the absorbance at 525 nm. A suitable aliquot of sample solution containing 0.4 -12 µg hydroxylamine was transferred into a 10 ml volumetric flask. The solution was diluted to ca. 6 mL with water. Then 1 mL of 0.047 mol L -1 iodate solution was added followed by 1.0 mL of 3.0 mol L -1 sulfuric acid solution; the mixture was allowed to stand for 5 min at ro...

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Biologic Activity of Hydroxylamine: A Review

Cited by 131 publications

References 70 publications

Vasoactivity of hydrogen sulfide in normoxic and anoxic turtles (Trachemys scripta)

Vasoactivity of hydrogen sulfide in normoxic and anoxic turtles (Trachemys scripta)

The Chemistry and Biology of Nitroxyl (HNO): A Chemically Unique Species with Novel and Important Biological Activity

Indirect Kinetic Spectrophotometric Determination of Hydroxylamine Based on Its Reaction with Iodate

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