Biological Actions of Ultrasonic Waves

Grabar, P

doi:10.1016/b978-1-4831-9926-9.50009-4

Cited by 28 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 196 publications

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“…Accordingly, whole washed tubercle bacilli were fractionated by the use of sonic energy. Because of the complexity of the structure of the tubercle bacillus, sonification was carried out for 60 min, which is longer than required to disrupt most microorganisms (49). Although considerable destruction of organisms occurred, portions of the sonicate remained insoluble and were separated from the supernatant by ultracentrifugation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Binding Between Components of the Tubercle Bacillus and Humoral Antibodies

Minden

Farr

1969

The Journal of Experimental Medicine

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Studies were undertaken to find a substance or substances for use in primary binding types of tests to detect humoral antibodies in rabbits and monkeys exposed to the tubercle bacillus that would distinguish between strains of mycobacteria. The antigen employed was a component of the 5159 strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis that was obtained following sonification, ultracentrifugation, electrophoresis, and elution from a preparative polyacrylamide column. When the antigen was labeled with 131I, specific binding was observed in sera from immunized rabbits and BCG-protected rhesus monkeys by the radio-gel electrophoresis and ammonium sulfate tests. This component was partially characterized, and its major antigenic determinants were associated with anionic mucopolysaccharides. Electrophoretically at pH 8.3 it migrated anodally to albumin, its molecular weight was between 9,000 and 12,000, and it was soluble in 50% saturated ammonium sulfate. Binding to antibody was destroyed after treatment with Pronase, but not after DNase or RNase. Inhibition of the reaction, as measured by the ammonium sulfate test, between the 131I-labeled component and antisera from rabbits that had been immunized with sonicated 5159 organisms, was studied. These experiments demonstrated a capacity to define subtle similarities and differences among different mycobacteria and mycobacterial components. Some microorganisms not clearly related to mycobacteria also partially inhibited this reaction, suggesting that they shared antigenic groups with the component derived from 5159 organisms. The studies described suggested the advisability of using direct primary tests and purified components of mycobacteria to differentiate further the antigenic groups between individual pathogenic mycobacteria and between pathogenic and nonpathogenic organisms.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Binding Between Components of the Tubercle Bacillus and Humoral Antibodies

Minden

Farr

1969

The Journal of Experimental Medicine

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“…Ultrasonic physiotherapy has been reviewed by Grabar (1953), Lehmann and Krusen (1958) and Patrick (1966). Many of its clinical applications are discussed in a collection of articles in Number 3 of Volume 57 (pp.…”

Section: Therapeutic Applications 81 Physiotherapymentioning

confidence: 99%

The medical applications of ultrasonics

Wells

1970

Rep. Prog. Phys.

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2. Fundamental physics . 3. Transducers . 3.1. Transducer materials . 3.2. Transducer design . 4.1. Beam formation . 4.2. Methods of measurement . 5.1. Propagation velocity . . 5.2. Characteristic impedance . 5.3. Absorption . 6.1. Early investigations . 6.2. Thermal effects . 6.3. Mechanical effects . 6.4. Other investigations . 7. Surgical applications . 7.1. Neurosurgery . 7.2. Vestibular surgery . 8. Therapeutic applications . 8.1. Physiotherapy . 8.2. Production of aerosols . 9. Diagnostic applications . 9.1. Pulse-echo techniques . 9.2. Continuous-wave techniques . Appendix: glossary of biomedical terms . References . 4. The ultrasonic field . 5. Acoustic properties of biological tissues . 6. Interactions of ultrasonic waves with biological tissues

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“…The reported biological effects of ultrasonic irradiation are attributed to thermal, chemical, or mechanical stress (Grabar, 1953). Hydrodynamic cavitation, which can give rise to all these phenomena, is believed to be the primary cause of the observed biological effects of ultrasonic irradiation.…”

Section: Effects On Virusesmentioning

confidence: 97%

Laser Pulses and the Generation of Acoustic Transients in Biological Material

Cleary

1977

Laser Applications in Medicine and Biology

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Biological Actions of Ultrasonic Waves

Cited by 28 publications

References 196 publications

Binding Between Components of the Tubercle Bacillus and Humoral Antibodies

Binding Between Components of the Tubercle Bacillus and Humoral Antibodies

The medical applications of ultrasonics

Laser Pulses and the Generation of Acoustic Transients in Biological Material

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