Biological Activities of Paeonol in Cardiovascular Diseases: A Review

Vellasamy, Shalini; Murugan, Dharmani Devi; Abas, Razif; Alias, Aliza; Wu, Yuan Seng; Choy, Ker Woon

doi:10.3390/molecules26164976

Cited by 20 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 110 publications

(143 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Paeonol is a natural phenolic compound present in the root bark of Paeonia suffruticosa and was reported by previous studies to modulate oxidative, inflammatory, and apoptotic pathways, as well as has antitumor properties (Zhang et al, 2019;Vellasamy et al, 2021). Few in vitro studies have shown that paeonol might modulate the expression of efflux transporters that accept MTX as a substrate, such as BCRP and P-gp (Zhang et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paeonol Protects Against Methotrexate-Induced Nephrotoxicity via Upregulation of P-gp Expression and Inhibition of TLR4/NF-κB Pathway

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Methotrexate (MTX) is a well-known anticancer drug that causes nephrotoxicity as a side effect. To investigate the mechanisms by which paeonol, a natural phenolic compound, can protect against MTX-induced nephrotoxicity, paeonol (100 mg/kg/day orally) was given to rats for 10 days, with or without MTX (20 mg/kg once i.p. at day 5). Compared to control, MTX caused nephrotoxic effects manifested by increased serum urea and creatinine and distortion in renal histological architecture, with a significant increase in the mean glomerular diameter and upregulation of kidney injury molecule-1. MTX caused oxidative stress manifested by decreasing reduced glutathione and superoxide dismutase while increasing malondialdehyde and nitric oxide. MTX also induced renal inflammation by upregulating TLR4, NF-κB, and IL-1β and caused apoptosis by induction of caspase 3. Administering paeonol with MTX improved kidney functional and structural parameters, as well as all oxidative, inflammatory, and apoptotic markers tested. Interestingly, both MTX and paeonol increased the expression of the renal efflux transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp) that helps in MTX elimination, and their drug combination further upregulated renal P-gp. In silico, paeonol was neither a substrate nor an inhibitor of P-gp, suggesting that its effect on P-gp is not on functional but on the expression level. In vitro, paeonol and MTX were administered to colon cancer cells and their combination caused a progressive cellular cytotoxic effect, which was dose-dependent with the increase of paeonol concentration. In conclusion, paeonol protects against MTX-induced nephrotoxicity through antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic mechanisms and might potentiate MTX chemotherapeutic efficacy.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paeonol Protects Against Methotrexate-Induced Nephrotoxicity via Upregulation of P-gp Expression and Inhibition of TLR4/NF-κB Pathway

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…39 Paeonol in Paeonia suffruticosa, one of the crude drugs used to resolve blood stasis, improves endothelium injury. 40 Endothelial damage is considered responsible for long COVID; therefore, blood stasisresolving formulae may be suitable for treatment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress and treatment of “long COVID” in non‐hospitalized patients: A single‐center retrospective cohort study

Ono

Arita

Takayama

et al. 2023

Traditional & Kampo Medicine

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background“Long COVID” or “post‐COVID conditions” describes prolonged symptoms after the acute phase of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). However, there is a paucity of published reports on its treatment.MethodThis retrospective cohort study included adult, non‐hospitalized patients with COVID‐19 symptoms at least one month after the onset who had been examined at the isolation facility in Miyagi prefecture between October 2020 and September 2021.ResultsIn total, 70 patients with a median age of 46 (21–69) years were included, and 37 were women (52.9%). The median time from onset to the end of treatment was 46 (28–396) days. Thirty‐eight patients (53.5%) showed improvement in all symptoms, while four (5.7%) did not recover within the study period. The symptoms at six months with high residual rates were dizziness (33.3%), fatigue (14.3%), myalgia (14.3%), abdominal discomfort (14.3%), and taste dysfunction (11.8%). For treatment of prolonged symptoms, formulae of Kampo medicine (Japanese traditional medicine) were used alone or in combination with Western medications in 76%, 66%, 53%, and 66% of patients at 1–2 months, 2–3 months, 3–6 months, and over 6 months respectively. Kampo formulae with anti‐inflammatory effects were used in the early period; however, tonifying formulae and blood stasis‐resolving formulae were used in the late period.ConclusionNon‐hospitalized patients with COVID‐19 may suffer from persistent symptoms after the acute phase of infection. For the management of long COVID, a comprehensive and holistic approach is needed. Kampo medicine should be considered as a treatment option for long COVID.

show abstract

“…Paeonol has the effect of treating cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, such as lipid-lowering and anti-atherosclerosis, vasodilation and blood pressure lowering, anti-arrhythmia, anti-cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury and neuroprotection. It also has anti-hepatic injury and liver fibrosis, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial activity, anti-inflammatory activity, antioxidant activity and anti-tumor activity ( 215 – 217 ). Paeonol also decreased IL-1β immunoreactive cell numbers and microglia/macrophage activation in the ischemic brain ( 218 ).…”

Section: Modulatory Effects Of Natural Botanical Components On Microg...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The mechanism of microglia-mediated immune inflammation in ischemic stroke and the role of natural botanical components in regulating microglia: A review

et al. 2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Ischemic stroke (IS) is one of the most fatal diseases. Neuroimmunity, inflammation, and oxidative stress play important roles in various complex mechanisms of IS. In particular, the early proinflammatory response resulting from the overactivation of resident microglia and the infiltration of circulating monocytes and macrophages in the brain after cerebral ischemia leads to secondary brain injury. Microglia are innate immune cells in the brain that constantly monitor the brain microenvironment under normal conditions. Once ischemia occurs, microglia are activated to produce dual effects of neurotoxicity and neuroprotection, and the balance of the two effects determines the fate of damaged neurons. The activation of microglia is defined as the classical activation (M1 type) or alternative activation (M2 type). M1 type microglia secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines and neurotoxic mediators to exacerbate neuronal damage, while M2 type microglia promote a repairing anti-inflammatory response. Fine regulation of M1/M2 microglial activation to minimize damage and maximize protection has important therapeutic value. This review focuses on the interaction between M1/M2 microglia and other immune cells involved in the regulation of IS phenotypic characteristics, and the mechanism of natural plant components regulating microglia after IS, providing novel candidate drugs for regulating microglial balance and IS drug development.

show abstract

Biological Activities of Paeonol in Cardiovascular Diseases: A Review

Cited by 20 publications

References 110 publications

Paeonol Protects Against Methotrexate-Induced Nephrotoxicity via Upregulation of P-gp Expression and Inhibition of TLR4/NF-κB Pathway

Paeonol Protects Against Methotrexate-Induced Nephrotoxicity via Upregulation of P-gp Expression and Inhibition of TLR4/NF-κB Pathway

Progress and treatment of “long COVID” in non‐hospitalized patients: A single‐center retrospective cohort study

The mechanism of microglia-mediated immune inflammation in ischemic stroke and the role of natural botanical components in regulating microglia: A review

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About