Biological Activities of Sargassum Algae Mediated ZnO and Co Doped ZnO Nanoparticles as Enhanced Antioxidant and Anti-Diabetic Agents

Abstract

Brown macroalgae (BMG) were used as carriers for ZnO (ZnO/BMG) and cobalt-doped ZnO (Co-ZnO/BMG) via facile microwave-assisted hydrothermal synthesis. The multifunctional structures of synthesized composites were evaluated as enhanced antioxidant and anti-diabetic agents based on the synergistic effects of ZnO, Co-ZnO, and BMG. BMG substrate incorporation and cobalt doping notably enhanced the bioactivity of the synthesized ZnO nanoparticles. As an antioxidant, the Co-ZnO/BMG composite exhibited highly effective scavenging properties for the common free reactive oxygen radicals (DPPH [89.6 ± 1.5%], nitric oxide [90.2 ± 1.3%], ABTS [87.7 ± 1.8%], and O2●− [46.7 ± 1.9%]) as compared to ascorbic acid. Additionally, its anti-diabetic activity was enhanced significantly and strongly inhibited essential oxidative enzymes (porcine α-amylase (90.6 ± 1.5%), crude α-amylase (84.3 ± 1.8%), pancreatic α-glucosidase (95.7 ± 1.4%), crude intestinal α-glucosidase (93.4 ± 1.8%), and amyloglucosidase (96.2 ± 1.4%)). Co-ZnO/BMG inhibitory activity was higher than that of miglitol, and in some cases, higher than or close to that of acarbose. Therefore, the synthetic Co-ZnO/BMG composite can be used as a commercial anti-diabetic and antioxidant agent, considering the cost and adverse side effects of current drugs. The results also demonstrate the impact of cobalt doping and BMG integration on the biological activity of ZnO.

Synthesis, Characterization, and Biological Activity of a Novel SA-g-p(AAc-co-AM)/ZnO NP Hydrogel Composite

“…Figure 1c presents the EDX spectrum of the hydrogel, confirming the absence of zinc oxide. Conversely, Figure 1d reveals the EDX spectrum of the hydrogel with zinc oxide nanoparticles, with peaks corresponding to zinc and oxygen, further confirming the incorporation of zinc oxide onto the surface [14][15][16][17].…”

Insight into the Catalytic Performance of a Zinc-Pillared Curcumin/Bentonite Composite for Enhanced Oxidation of Ibuprofen Residuals into Environmental Products: The Pathway and Toxicity

“…However, studies that have been conducted in this area reveal notable impacts of factors such as crystal structure, morphological characteristics, synthesizing techniques, mechanical strength, crystallite dimensions, hybridization, and surface-modifying procedures on the qualities and applications of zinc-based materials [26,30,31]. Elsewhere, in research evaluating zinc-based hybrids with various types of biopolymers produced using naturally occurring phytochemicals derived from plant-based extracts led to the production of environmentally friendly products with improved technical characteristics [27,32].…”