Biological Activities of the Amanita Peptide Toxins

Walton, Jonathan D.

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-76822-9_5

Cited by 1 publication

(2 citation statements)

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“…The results showed that a positive LAMP reaction occurred only in lethal Amanita species, while the rest were negative, which indicated this LAMP method could distinguish the lethal Amanita species from the other Amanita species outside of section Phalloideae . Because these lethal Amanita species account for over 90% of all fatal mushroom poisonings worldwide, amatoxins are the common chemical property of these Amanita species, which induce acute liver failure (Walton, 2018). In the treatment of clinical poisoning, it is sometimes more important to determine the nature of the species than to determine the accurate species; in this case, this universal LAMP method could be used to rapidly determine whether the species is lethal.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The containing substances of various peptide toxins were another critical characteristics of lethal amanitas and the peptide toxins in Amanita can be divided into three major groups, including amatoxins, phallotoxins and virotoxins, which are bicyclic octapeptides, bicyclic heptapeptides and monocyclic heptapeptides, respectively (Wieland, 1986). The primary toxins responsible for fatal human poisoning of these lethal Amanita species are amatoxins that induce acute liver failure through binding with eukaryotic DNA-dependent RNA polymerase II and subsequently inhibiting the elongation essential to transcription (Walton, 2018). In wild, some lethal Amanita species are similar to the edible species of section Caesareae Singer, for example, A .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development and Evaluation of Isothermal Amplification Methods for Rapid Detection of Lethal Amanita Species

et al. 2019

Front. Microbiol.

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In the present work, loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) and hyperbranched rolling circle amplification (HRCA) methods were developed to detect and distinguish different lethal Amanita species. Specific LAMP primers and HRCA padlock probes for species-specific identification and a set of universal LAMP primers for lethal Amanita species were designed and tested. The results indicated that the LAMP-based assay was able to discriminate introclade lethal Amanita species but was not able to discriminate intraclade species perfectly, while the HRCA-based assay could discriminate whether introclade or intraclade species. The universal LAMP primers were positive for 10 lethal species of Amanita section Phalloideae and negative for 16 species of Amanita outside section Phalloideae . The detection limits of LMAP and HRCA were 10 and 1 pg of genomic DNA per reaction, respectively. In conclusion, the two methods could be rapid, specific, sensitive and low-cost tools for the identification of lethal Amanita species.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%