Biological activity of oxadiazole and thiadiazole derivatives

Abstract

The 5-membered oxadiazole and thiadiazole scaffolds are the most privileged and well-known heterocycles, being a common and essential feature of a variety of natural products and medicinal agents. These scaffolds take up the center position and are the core structural components of numerous drugs that belong to different categories. These include antimicrobial, anti-tubercular, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antiepileptic, antiviral, and anticancer agents. In this review, we mostly talk about the isomers 1,2,4-oxadiazole and 1,3,4-thiadiazole because they have important pharmacological properties. This is partly because they are chemical and heat resistant, unlike other isomers, and they can be used as bio-isosteric replacements in drug design. We are reviewing the structural modifications of different oxadiazole and thiadiazole derivatives, more specifically, the anti-tubercular and anticancer pharmacological activities reported over the last 5 years, as we have undertaken this as a core area of research. This review article desires to do a thorough study and analysis of the recent progress made in the important biological isomers 1,2,4-oxadiazole and 1,3,4-thiadiazol. This will be a great place to start for future research. Key points • Five-membered heterocyclic compound chemistry and biological activity recent survey. • Synthesis and pharmacological evolution of 1,2,4-oxadiazole and 1,3,4-thiadiazole are discussed in detail. • The value and significance of heterocyclic compounds in the field of drug designing are highlighted. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00253-022-11969-0.

Five-Membered Heterocyclic Sulfonamides as Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors

“…The thiazole ring is a common scaffold in many natural compounds, such as thiamine (vitamin B1) and different types of antibiotics [ 46 ]. These properties make thiazoles a popular choice as building blocks in the synthesis of biologically active compounds, including anti-viral drugs [ 47 ].…”

Electrochemical study of 2-amino-5-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole in the absence and presence ofp-benzoquinone: an efficient strategy for the electrosynthesis of new 1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives

“…[8][9][10] Generally, 1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives are well-known ve-membered heterocycles that display a broad spectrum of biological activities such as antimicrobial, anti-inammatory, antituberculosis, anticonvulsant, and anxiolytic functions. 11,12 For over a decade, thiadiazole-based molecules have been widely used as drugs because of their special biological activities, but unfortunately, the widespread use of thiadiazoles has led to the development of severe resistance, which signicantly reduced their efficacy. 13 This study was focused on 2-amino-5-mercapto-1,3,4thiadiazole (AMT).…”

Untitled

“…In recent years, the presence of many prepared compounds with a 1,3,4-thiadiazole ring in their main structure has made them able to perform various important pharmacological activities [2][3][4]. Thiadazole compounds have piqued the interest of chemists due to their biological activity, many of which exhibit antifungal [3,4], anti-asthmatic [3,4], antiparkinsonism [4,5], anticonvulsant [6], antitumor [7][8][9][10][11], analgesic [12,13], antitubercular [15], antibacterial, and anticancer [16]. The azo compounds, which are prepared by coupling the intermediate diazonium compounds with different aromatic compounds are among the most important industrial compounds used as dyes for many centuries because of their bright and shiny colors [17].…”