Biological and clinical significance of anti-Müllerian hormone determination in blood serum of the mare

Almeida, Juliana Lopes; Ball, Barry A.; Conley, Alan J; Place, NJ; Liu, Irwin; Scholtz, Elizabeth L.; Mathewson, Lauren; Stanley, Scott D; Moeller, Benjamin C.

doi:10.1016/j.theriogenology.2011.06.008

Cited by 83 publications

(93 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…, ; Almeida et al . ) but an assay for this hormone was not available at the time of the study. Additionally, expression of serum microRNAs appears to vary between horses with GCTs and normal ovaries, therefore quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction may be used to differentiate between normal cycling mares and mares with GCTs (Lindholm et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Granulosa cell tumours in the mare: A review of 52 cases

Sherlock

Lott-Ellis

Bergren

et al. 2015

Equine Veterinary Education

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Summary Granulosa cell tumour (GCT) is reported to be the most common ovarian neoplasm in the mare. A multicentre retrospective study evaluating the medical records of horses undergoing ovariectomy for treatment of a GCT was undertaken, documenting the presenting clinicopathological features, treatment and outcome. Follow‐up information was obtained by telephone questionnaire. Fifty‐two mares were included. Most presented with behavioural/reproductive abnormalities, including stallion‐like behaviour (50%), aggression (31%), prolonged oestrus or nymphomania (19%), and persistent anoestrus (8%). Most (93%) affected ovaries had a multilocular appearance when examined ultrasonographically. Only 60% of horses with histopathologically confirmed GCTs demonstrated elevations in serum inhibin concentrations. Twenty‐five percent of horses had histopathologically confirmed bilateral GCTs. Ninety‐four percent of horses that underwent ovariectomy were discharged from the hospital. Standing laparoscopic ovariectomies had a lower complication rate (34%) than other surgical methods. Long‐term complications were uncommon (11%). In conclusion, histopathologically confirmed GCTs can occur in the presence of normal serum inhibin concentrations. The high prevalence of bilateral GCTs indicates that thorough evaluation of the contralateral ovary is necessary. Surgical ovariectomy for treatment of GCTs has favourable short‐ and long‐term outcomes. Standing laparoscopic ovariectomy may be associated with a lower complication rate than other surgical methods.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Granulosa cell tumours in the mare: A review of 52 cases

Sherlock

Lott-Ellis

Bergren

et al. 2015

Equine Veterinary Education

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“…Though it appears to be an inactive form, and the biological source is unknown, immunoreactive inhibin also increases to a peak just before GD 300 [129]. Fortunately, anti-Mullerian hormone does not change appreciably over the course of pregnancy [130] and is a more reliable marker for GCT than either testosterone or inhibin, especially in pregnant mares.…”

Section: The Feto-placental Unitmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of the reproductive endocrinology of the pregnant and parturient mare

Conley

2016

Theriogenology

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“…2). AMH and AMH are not present at detectable levels in the blood of normal individuals (Pankhurst & McLennan 2013), but AMH fragments with these characteristics have been observed in the blood of a patient with a sex chord tumour (Ragin et al 1992) and in equine granulosa cell tumours (Almeida et al 2011). A putative cleavage site between amino acids 194/195 has been theorised based on sequence similarity with a cleavage site in Glass bottom boat, a Drosophilla TGFb-S protein (Akiyama et al 2012).…”

Section: Two Forms Of Amh Exist In the Circulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-Müllerian hormone is a gonadal cytokine with two circulating forms and cryptic actions

McLennan¹,

Pankhurst²

2015

Journal of Endocrinology

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Anti-Mü llerian hormone (AMH) is a multi-faceted gonadal cytokine. It is present in all vertebrates with its original function in phylogeny being as a regulator of germ cells in both sexes, and as a prime inducer of the male phenotype. Its ancient functions appear to be broadly conserved in mammals, but with this being obscured by its overt role in triggering the regression of the Mü llerian ducts in male embryos. Sertoli and ovarian follicular cells primarily release AMH as a prohormone (proAMH), which forms a stable complex (AMH N,C ) after cleavage by subtilisin/kexin-type proprotein convertases or serine proteinases. Circulating AMH is a mixture of proAMH and AMH N,C , suggesting that proAMH is activated within the gonads and putatively by its endocrine target-cells. The gonadal expression of the cleavage enzymes is subject to complex regulation, and the preliminary data suggest that this influences the relative proportions of proAMH and AMH N,C in the circulation. AMH shares an intracellular pathway with the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) and growth differentiation factor (GDF) ligands. AMH is male specific during the initial stage of development, and theoretically should produce male biases throughout the body by adding a male-specific amplification of BMP/GDF signalling. Consistent with this, some of the male biases in neuron number and the non-sexual behaviours of mice are dependent on AMH. After puberty, circulating levels of AMH are similar in men and women. Putatively, the function of AMH in adulthood maybe to add a gonadal influence to BMP/GDF-regulated homeostasis.

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Biological and clinical significance of anti-Müllerian hormone determination in blood serum of the mare

Cited by 83 publications

References 38 publications

Granulosa cell tumours in the mare: A review of 52 cases

Granulosa cell tumours in the mare: A review of 52 cases

Review of the reproductive endocrinology of the pregnant and parturient mare

Anti-Müllerian hormone is a gonadal cytokine with two circulating forms and cryptic actions

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