Biological and cognitive theories explaining panic disorder: A narrative review

Kyriakoulis, Peter; Kyrios, Michael

doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.957515

Cited by 6 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 155 publications

(171 reference statements)

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“…For individuals with anxiety disorders, this response can become dysregulated or excessively sensitive, leading to heightened adrenaline levels even in non-threatening situations. This can result in symptoms such as an elevated heart rate, rapid breathing, sweating, and a sense of impending danger, all of which are characteristic of anxiety [49]. In our study, we observed that elevated adrenaline levels are associated with psychoanxiety disorders.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 49%

Catecholamine Variations in Pediatric Gastrointestinal Disorders and Their Neuropsychiatric Expression

Matiș,

Alexandru,

Ghitea

2023

Biomedicines

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The interplay between the central nervous system and the intestinal environment hinges on neural, hormonal, immune, and metabolic reactions. Over decades, significant effort has gone into exploring the link between the digestive system and the brain. The primary objective of this study is to assess catecholamine levels in children with neuropsychiatric disorders. We aim to examine how these levels impact the mental and physical wellbeing of these children, with a specific focus on psychoemotional symptoms and cognitive performance. Our research seeks to identify the significance of modifying neurotransmitter levels in pediatric medical interventions, ultimately striving to reduce mental health risks and enhance children’s future development. A total of 135 individuals were chosen to partake, and they engaged in regular monthly consultations according to established study protocols. Clinical evaluations were conducted in a medical environment, encompassing the observation of constipation, diarrhea, and additional gastrointestinal anomalies not confined to constipation or diarrhea. This entailed the assessment of neurotransmitter imbalances, with a specific focus on dopamine, adrenaline, noradrenaline, and the noradrenaline/adrenaline ratio. Gastrointestinal disorders are indicative of imbalances in catecholamines, with lower gastrointestinal problems being correlated with such imbalances. In subjects with psychiatric disorders, a more pronounced dopamine and noradrenaline/adrenaline ratio was observed, while elevated adrenaline levels were associated with psychoanxiety disorders.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 49%

Catecholamine Variations in Pediatric Gastrointestinal Disorders and Their Neuropsychiatric Expression

Matiș,

Alexandru,

Ghitea

2023

Biomedicines

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Measuring Symptom-Specific Panic-Relevant Associations Using Single-Target Implicit Association Tests

et al. 2023

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Background According to major cognitive accounts of panic disorder, bodily sensations can lead to automatic activation of an associative fear network, potentially triggering a cascade of cognitive, emotional, and physiological responses culminating in a panic attack. However, the evidence for the automatic associations assumed by these models is mixed. This may reflect the heterogeneous nature of panic disorder, in that the relative importance of different bodily sensations and symptoms varies between individuals. The current study aimed to test this possibility via measuring the associations between three different sets of panic symptoms (cognitive, respiratory, cardiac) and scores on three symptom-specific single target implicit association tests (STIATs). Methods A total of 226 unselected female participants aged 18–35 completed the STIATs as well as questionnaires assessing panic symptoms and related measures in a web-based study. Results Only limited evidence was found to support the idea of specific associations between STIAT stimuli sets and their related panic symptoms. Exploratory analyses indicated that there were only associations between STIAT scores and panic-relevant questionnaires amongst those participants who had experienced a panic attack in the previous 6 months. Conclusions The results have implications for measuring panic-relevant associations and understanding their role in panic disorder.

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Brain Mechanisms Underlying Panic Attack and Panic Disorder

Guan

Cao

2023

Neurosci. Bull.

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Biological and cognitive theories explaining panic disorder: A narrative review

Cited by 6 publications

References 155 publications

Catecholamine Variations in Pediatric Gastrointestinal Disorders and Their Neuropsychiatric Expression

Catecholamine Variations in Pediatric Gastrointestinal Disorders and Their Neuropsychiatric Expression

Measuring Symptom-Specific Panic-Relevant Associations Using Single-Target Implicit Association Tests

Brain Mechanisms Underlying Panic Attack and Panic Disorder

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