Biological and Molecular Evidences for the Antitumor Potential of EGb 761 in Glioma Cells In Vitro and In Vivo

Abstract

EGb 761, the standardized extract from the Ginkgo biloba leaves, has therapeutic effect on many diseases. However, its mechanisms on glioma remain to be fully established. This study aims to investigate the possible effects of EGb 761 on glioma cells, to explore its potential mechanism. The glioma cells SHG44 and U251 were used as materials, the proliferation, migration and invasion were assessed by the MTT, the scratch-wound and Transwell assays were performed respectively. Levels of insulin-like growth factor-1, Bcl-2, p53, Smad2/3, Bax, cleaved caspase-3 and p-Smad2/3 were determined by western blots. The development and progression of U251 glioma cell were measured in vivo, and the apoptosis was evaluated. The results showed that EGb 761 could inhibit the proliferation, migration, and invasion of SHG-44 and U251 cells in vitro. Meanwhile, the expression levels of IGF-1 and Bcl-2, and the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling were inhibited. In contrast, the expression levels of p53, Bax, and cleaved caspase-3 were increased significantly. In conclusion, this study suggested that EGb 761 could suppress the growth of glioma cells in vitro and in vivo, possibly by inhibiting the TGF-β signalling pathway and activating the p53 signalling pathway.

A Comparative Study on Using Simple Pollen Substitutes to Improve Brood Rearing Activity and Characteristics of Honey Bee Workers

“…The polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane was taken out and sealed in the blocking solution at 4 °C overnight. Then the blocking solution was discarded, and the primary antibody diluent was added and incubated at room temperature for 1 h. After that, the secondary antibody diluent was blocked for 1 h. Then, the luminescence development and gel imaging analysis were performed, β-actin was used as internal standard protein to calculate the expression level of the target protein Sui et al, 2021).…”

Protective Mechanism of Velvet Antler Polypeptide on Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Rats

“…The polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane was taken out and sealed in the blocking solution at 4 °C overnight. Then the blocking solution was discarded, and the primary antibody diluent was added and incubated at room temperature for 1 h. After that, the secondary antibody diluent was blocked for 1 h. Then, the luminescence development and gel imaging analysis were performed, β-actin was used as internal standard protein to calculate the expression level of the target protein Sui et al, 2021).…”

Pioglitazone Ameliorates Hypertension Induced Cardiac Hypertrophy and Down Regulates Cardiac Hypoxia Inducible Factor-l α in Rats

“…The polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane was taken out and sealed in the blocking solution at 4 °C overnight. Then the blocking solution was discarded, and the primary antibody diluent was added and incubated at room temperature for 1 h. After that, the secondary antibody diluent was blocked for 1 h. Then, the luminescence development and gel imaging analysis were performed, β-actin was used as internal standard protein to calculate the expression level of the target protein Sui et al, 2021).…”