2015
DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2014.11.019
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Biological and physico-chemical formation of Birnessite during the ripening of manganese removal filters

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Cited by 95 publications
(43 citation statements)
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“…This is because the aluminum on the MnO x (s) media coating surface was most likely amorphous and lacked a lattice structure that would have produced a measurable response from this analytical method. These SAED results correlate well with the published works of Bruins et al (), who reported birnessite to be a major constituent of the MnO x (s) coatings found on filter media in manganese removal facilities.…”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 91%
“…This is because the aluminum on the MnO x (s) media coating surface was most likely amorphous and lacked a lattice structure that would have produced a measurable response from this analytical method. These SAED results correlate well with the published works of Bruins et al (), who reported birnessite to be a major constituent of the MnO x (s) coatings found on filter media in manganese removal facilities.…”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 91%
“…The lattice distortion results in some blue shift of v 2 symmetric stretching vibration (Figure ) . Raman peaks at 290 cm −1 and 475 cm −1 are attributed to exchangeable sodium/potassium ions with their adjacent lattice oxygen between the layers for birnessite,, which disappear after the Cu 2+ ‐modification.…”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 91%
“…In contrast to the flat surface of the normal quartz sand, the surface of MeO x was rough and porous. The SEM micrographs also indicate that MeO x had coral- or sponge-like structures, meaning that the formation of MeO x follows a typical physicochemical procedure [ 26 ] and this structure may have strong autocatalytic oxidation capability for Mn 2+ [ 27 ]. In this study, it may be favorable for the chemical catalytic oxidation of ammonium.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%