Biological and psychological aspects of depression

Shelton, Richard C.; Hollon, Steven D.; Purdon, Scot E.; Loosen, Peter T.

doi:10.1016/s0005-7894(05)80177-7

Cited by 21 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 129 publications

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“…The American Psychiatric Association (1993) advised supportive counseling for mild situational depression, psychotherapy for moderate depression, and somatic therapy (drugs or electroconvulsive therapy [ECT]) combined with psychotherapy for moderate to severe depression. Although this advice fits traditional clinical lore, a comprehensive set of meta-analyses, narrative reviews, and multisite treatment evaluations (Antonuccio, Danton, & DeNelsky, 1995; Elkin et al, 1989, 1995; Evans et al, 1992; Greenberg, Bornstein, Greenberg, & Fisher, 1992; Hollon et al, 1992; Hollon, Shelton, & Loosen, 1991; Kupfer et al, 1992; Robinson, Berman, & Neimeyer, 1990; Shea et al, 1992; Shelton, Hollon, Purdon, & Loosen, 1991; Sotsky et al, 1991; Sweet & Loizeaux, 1991) leads, at this point, to the following different conclusions. First, both cognitive–behavioral and interpersonal therapies are at least as effective as antidepressant drugs in treating acute depression.…”

Section: Treating Mentally Disordered Offendersmentioning

confidence: 99%

The treatment of mentally disordered offenders.

Rice¹,

Harris²

1997

Psychology, Public Policy, and Law

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However narrowly defined, mentally disordered offenders (MDOs) are heterogeneous in demographics, diagnoses, offense characteristics, risk, and clinical needs. Treatment planning for MDOs should begin with an assessment of risk of future violent behavior in the community and risk of violence toward self or others inside an institution. Purposes of treatment among MDOs include treatments both to reduce risk of future violence and to alleviate the mental disorder. Relevant outcome measures include criminal and violent behavior, psychiatric symptomatology, admission to correctional or psychiatric facility, and quality of life. Clinical problems include aggression and problems of institutional management, criminal propensity, life skills deficits, substance abuse, active psychotic symptoms, social withdrawal, and depression. Because evidence relating them to risk of future violence is highest for the first 4 problems, it is argued that inpatient treatments should especially target them. Whenever risk levels and legal circumstances permit, community treatment is to be preferred. Sex offenders are discussed as a group for whom specialized services are indicated. Relapse prevention and program development evaluation are recommended methods for guiding treatment planning at both individual and system levels. Obstacles to implementation of empirically based treatments are discussed, as are suggestions for overcoming such obstacles. Finally, promising directions for future research are suggested.The term mentally disordered offender encompasses a heterogeneous and poorly defined group. In its narrowest interpretation, the category is a legal one and includes insanity acquittees, persons found guilty but mentally ill, persons found unfit to stand trial, mentally disordered sex offenders, sexual predators, and prisoners transferred to mental health facilities. In a 1978 survey , 7% of all the offenders detained in the United States were officially designated as mentally disordered. Of these, 8% were insanity acquittees, 32% were incompetent to stand trial, 6% were mentally disordered sex offenders, and the majority (54%) were convicted prisoners who had been transferred to mental health facilities. By any definition, the overwhelming majority of mentally disordered offenders are men (e.g., Menzies, Chunn, & Webster, 1992;Steadman & Halfon, 1971). Even in its narrow interpretation, however, this population includes a diverse group with a wide range of treatment needs.Most would concede that the true number of mentally disordered offenders is many times higher than that described above. Studies of the prevalence of mental disorder among incarcerated offenders reveal a surprisingly high prevalence. In one study (Hodgins & Cote, 1990), which used the Diagnostic Interview Schedule (Robins, Helzer, Croughan, & Ratcliff, 1981) to establish diagnoses, only 5% of penitentiary inmates in one Canadian province were found not to have a mental

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Section: Treating Mentally Disordered Offendersmentioning

confidence: 99%

The treatment of mentally disordered offenders.

Rice¹,

Harris²

1997

Psychology, Public Policy, and Law

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…It may also be important for developing a clearer understanding of the complex relation that exists between biological and psychosocial factors in the genesis of depression. 22 In one of the earlier studies of this nature Rabins et al examined the computed tomography (CT) scans of 37 patients who were part of a larger sample of 102 patients with MS in whom psychiatric symptoms were studied longitudinally. 23 They observed that MS patients with brain lesions were more depressed than those patients with lesions only in the spinal cord and also that depression was positively correlated with the extent of neurological impairment.…”

Section: Location Of Brain Lesionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Depression in multiple sclerosis: a review

Siegert

Abernethy²

2005

Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry

641

372

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“…PTSD provides a unique scenario for questions of mechanism, as it is one of the only disorders that requires an external event for the etiology of the disorder (Davidson & Foa, 1991). This can be contrasted with depression where the etiology or cause of the disorder is often argued to be more biological, and consequently internal nature (Shelton, Hollon, Purdon, & Loosen, 1991). This importance of beliefs about mechanism suggests that individuals are thinking carefully about the relationship between their current difficulties and possible treatments that might address these difficulties.…”

Section: Factors Associated With Treatment Preference For Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

Factors associated with choice of exposure therapy for PTSD.

Jaeger¹,

Echiverri²,

Zoellner³

et al. 2010

International Journal of Behavioral Consultation and Therapy

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Exposure therapy, despite its demonstrated efficacy for chronic PTSD, remains underutilized across clinical settings. One suggested cause is that traumatized clients may not prefer exposure treatment. This paper reviews the current literature on factors associated with treatment preference for exposure therapy. Contrary to expectations, exposure-based therapy is not only perceived as a viable therapy but is well regarded among current therapy choices by potential clients. In particular, we highlight the central role of client beliefs about the need to talk about problems, the efficacy of treatment, and perceived need for help as crucial factors potentially impacting preference for exposure therapy. Importantly, fear of exposure treatment does not appear to play a significant role. To increase utilization, clinicians should provide clients information to address factors believed to increase preference for effective treatment. KeywordsExposure Therapy; Posttraumatic stress disorder; Preference In the U.S. population, lifetime prevalence rates of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) range from 7% to 8% Kessler, Sonnega, Bromet, Hughes, & Nelson, 1995) and 12-month rates approach 4% (Kessler, Chiu, Demler, & Walters, 2005). Prevalence rates among returning military veterans are estimated to reach as high as 19.9% (Hoge et al., 2004). Despite this high prevalence, only 7.1% of individuals with PTSD make treatment contact within the first year of trauma exposure (Wang, Berglund, Olfson, Pincus, Wells, & Kessler, 2005). Further, the median time to seek treatment for PTSD is twelve years after disorder onset, with only 65.3% eventually seeking treatment and only 34.4% seeing a mental health specialist (Wang et al., 2005). Thus, it is of paramount importance that we begin to better understand how to help individuals with PTSD seek clinically appropriate care.The need for such care is likely to increase in coming years given the large number of active military conflicts and peace-keeping missions currently underway. Indeed, in order to address the expected increased numbers of veterans needing empirically-supported PTSD treatment (Hoge et al., 2004; Tanaelian & Jaycox, 2008), the United States Department of Defense (DoD) and the Veterans Administration (VA) have created Mental Health Centers of Excellence and funded large-scale initiatives aimed at training practitioners to deliver evidenced-based PTSD treatment. This training largely focuses on cognitive behavioral interventions such as exposure therapy. Although a number of psychotherapies have strong efficacy data (e.g., Bradley, Green, Russ, Dutra, & Westen, 2005), the recent Institute of Medicine (IOM, 2007) report on PTSD treatment concluded that the only sufficiently validated treatment for PTSD at the present time is exposure therapy. Indeed, the efficacy of exposure treatment has been strongly replicated across gender and types of trauma (e.g., Foa Marks et al., 1998;Resick et al., 2003;Rothbaum et al., 2005;Schnurr et al., 2007;Tarrier et al., 1999;Tay...

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Biological and psychological aspects of depression

Cited by 21 publications

References 129 publications

The treatment of mentally disordered offenders.

The treatment of mentally disordered offenders.

Depression in multiple sclerosis: a review

Factors associated with choice of exposure therapy for PTSD.

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