Biological Applications: Sample Preparation and Quantitation

The effect of surfactants on membrane-attached biofilms (MABs) was studied in a lab-scale extractive membrane bioreactor (EMB). Twenty-two surfactants were screened for their potential of increasing the cell wall negative charge (i.e. the electrostatic repulsion between bacteria) of Burkholderia sp. JS150 bacterial strain. Surfactants resulting in increased bacterial negative charge were further investigated for their effects on MAB population morphology and MAB attachment behaviour. Microscopic investigation of the bacterial population in MABs showed that surfactants affect the development of flagella, suggesting changes in the attachment capability of the JS150 strain in the presence of different surfactants. Among the screened surfactants, teepol showed the best characteristics in relation to the reduction of MAB accumulation, and it was tested in an EMB system for the extraction of monochlorobenzene from a synthetic wastewater. Comparison with a control EMB, operated without surfactants under the same conditions, proved that teepol effectively reduces MAB accumulation on the membrane walls. As a result, the overall mass transfer coefficient in the presence of teepol was 53% higher than in the control EMB.

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“…Samples of MAB were prepared according to Coleman (1997) and photographed with an Ilford PanFþ and printed on Ilford multigrade paper.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 45%

Control of membrane‐attached biofilms using surfactants

Splendiani

Livingston

Nicolella

2006

Biotech & Bioengineering

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“…Samples were prepared according to Coleman (1997) and photographed with an Ilford PanF+ and printed on Ilford multigrade paper.…”

Section: Scanning Electron Microscopymentioning

confidence: 47%

Microbial dynamics in an extractive membrane bioreactor exposed to an alternating sequence of organic compounds

Jorge

Livingston²

2000

Biotechnol. Bioeng.

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“…. or by heating the bomb on a small, low wattage hot plate'; Boyde & Wood (1969) suggested that the bomb be 'gently heated with a bunsen flame or hot water to about 35°C' (308 K); Cohen (1974) implies that a heating rate from 10 K below the T, to 10 K above the T, in 5 min is acceptable, whilst Coleman (1975) suggested that heating can be effected by a 'built-in heater or hot plate, or by contact with, or immersion in, hot water'. In view of the imprecise ways in which bomb heating procedures have been described, it was clearly desirable to standardize the heating program at an acceptably slow rate, and preferably Fig.…”

Section: Bomb Heatingsupporting

confidence: 42%

“…Bomb depressurization is normally monitored using the pressure gauge, and controlled at a rate of about 690 kPa min-1 (100 psi min-I), the value commonly regarded as safe (Lewis & Nemanic, 1973;Cohen, 1974;Coleman, 1975). Indications had been obtained in this laboratory that structural damage sustained by some delicate specimens was less if depressurization was effected at a somewhat lower rate.…”

Section: Bomb Depressurizationcontrasting

confidence: 39%

“…The principle of CPD was given by Anderson (1951) and applied by Boyde & Wood (1969) for preparing specimens for the SEM. However, Anderson (1951Anderson ( , 1966, Cohen et al (1968), Lewis & Nemanic (1973), Cohen (1974) and Coleman (1975) have not given precise details of the heating procedures used, so it is probable that there have been considerable differences in the detailed implementation of CPD in different laboratories.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Critical point drying for scanning electron microscopy: a semi‐automatic method of preparing biological specimens

Hall

Skerrett

Thomas

1978

Journal of Microscopy

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Slow, controlled, rates of critical point bomb heating and of gas venting have been shown to improve the preservation of biological specimens in critical point drying. A procedure that represents a balance between avoidance of specimen damage and speed of operation has been developed for use with CO2 as the transitional fluid. Bomb heating is automated and controlled electronically, and manual venting of the gaseous CO2 is monitored using a gas flow meter.

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Biological Applications: Sample Preparation and Quantitation

Cited by 9 publications

References 26 publications

Control of membrane‐attached biofilms using surfactants

Control of membrane‐attached biofilms using surfactants

Microbial dynamics in an extractive membrane bioreactor exposed to an alternating sequence of organic compounds

Critical point drying for scanning electron microscopy: a semi‐automatic method of preparing biological specimens

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