Biological assessment of phosphate substitutes for detergents

Hamm, Anne C.

doi:10.1080/03680770.1989.11899911

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Extensive tests in complex ecosystems were performed for NTA and EDTA (Brandt, 1990;Hamm, 1990Hamm, , 1991aHamm, , 1991bHamm, , 1991cBrandt and Remeth, 1991;Kucklentz, 1991). Shallow natural ponds, operated as either flow-through (retention time of about 2 weeks) or stagnant aquaculture (minimal water exchange; retention time of about 6 weeks), were charged discontinuously (stagnant ponds) or continuously (flow-through ponds) with concentrations of 100 and 500 g/L NTA, respectively, or 100 g/L EDTA.…”

Section: Model Ecosystemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of aminopolycarboxylates on aquatic organisms and eutrophication: Overview of available data

Schmidt

Brauch

2004

Environmental Toxicology

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Aminopolycarboxylic acids, which include ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA), 1,3-propylenediaminetetraacetic acid (1,3-PDTA), beta-alaninediacetic acid (beta-ADA), and methylglycinediacetic acid (MGDA), constitute a class of complexing agents that occur in a wide range of domestic products and that are used intensively as metal sequestrants in several industrial applications. Because they are highly polar and partially nondegradable, aminopolycarboxylates are released into the aquatic environment in significant quantities, mainly via wastewater. The historical and current use of aminopolycarboxylates and their ubiquitous presence in surface waters prompted many studies about their possibly detrimental impact on aquatic organisms. This review summarizes the available data and information on the eutrophication potential and toxicity of aminopolycarboxylates to a multitude of aquatic organisms including vertebrates, invertebrates, algae, bacteria, and protozoa. This article also addresses how the ecotoxic effects of aminopolycarboxylates are dependent on their speciation, that is, on their presence in a free or a metal-complexed form.

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Section: Model Ecosystemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of aminopolycarboxylates on aquatic organisms and eutrophication: Overview of available data

Schmidt

Brauch

2004

Environmental Toxicology

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“…NA: Nancere, 81 000 speakers (2007). Main source: Hamm (2002: 23-27) 6 . The documentation of this language is weak, but I decided to include it in this study because it is the largest of all East Chadic languages.…”

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confidence: 99%

Folia Orientalia

Peust

2018

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A genetic subgrouping of 16 East Chadic languages is proposed in this paper. Contrary to the popular lexicostatistical approach, and in order to take into account potentially different rates of lexical evolution in the individual languages, it is attempted here to rely on the identification of common innovations. A practical method is presented how to apply the notion of common innovation when working with lexical isoglosses. This new method can also serve as a model for the subgrouping of language families other than East Chadic.

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Biological assessment of phosphate substitutes for detergents

Cited by 2 publications

References 1 publication

Impact of aminopolycarboxylates on aquatic organisms and eutrophication: Overview of available data

Impact of aminopolycarboxylates on aquatic organisms and eutrophication: Overview of available data

Folia Orientalia

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