Biological bases for the integration of appetitive and consummatory grooming behaviors in the cat: A review

Trulson, Michael E.

doi:10.1016/0091-3057(76)90250-1

Cited by 8 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Behavioral and physiological data have indicated that the following brain areas are among those that participate in orientation-localization behaviors: tectum, reticular formation, substantia nigra, pons, lateral hypothalamus, ventroposterior thalamus, amygdala, basal ganglia, parietal cortex, frontal cortex (Fabre & Buser, 1981;Feeney & Wier, 1979;Glassman, Forgus, Goodman, & Glassman, 1975;Greeley, Hagamen, Hagamen, & Reeves, 1975;Heilman & Watson, 1977;Marshall, 1978;Sprague, 1966;Stein, Magalhaes-Castro, & Kruger, 1976;Trulson, 1976;Turner, 1973). However, the organization of the stimulus-response relationships and of the underlying neural functions is not fully understood.…”

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Dissociation of vertical and horizontal components of somesthetic orientation-localization during recovery from cortical damage: Implication regarding central associative functions

Glassman

1983

Psychobiology

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Blindfolded cats in which SII and adjacent areas had been ablated were tested for their ability to locate cutaneous stimuli as demonstrated by their bringing the mouth into contact with the stimulated point. During recovery, seven cats went through a phase in which they displayed dissociations of the vertical and horizontal components of the orientation-localization movement: either they moved the head downward before initiating any lateral movement or they turned towards the side of stimulation well before achieving accurate proximodistal localization. Hypotheses are offered about which aspects of anatomy and physiology are involved in proximodistal and lateral localization, and a simple mathematical model is given to suggest that one reason why such central associative functions in movement may have evolved is because they require fewer neurons than an alternative conceivable design.Two reciprocally related behavioral phenomena unexpectedly were observed during an experiment designed to measure the effects of cortical ablations on speed and accuracy of the cutaneous orientationlocalization movement and on learned cutaneous behavior. These phenomena suggest that, in the organizational scheme for the normal orientation-localization response, there are distinguishable components, or functions.Even some simpler reflexesrequire participation of higher levels of the nervous system. For example, in contact placing, a tactile stimulus to the surface of the cat's forelimb elicits a coordinated movement involving motion of the same limb in the direction of the stimulus. Physiological and behavioral studies suggest that this response depends on the overlapping SI and MI maps on the sigmoid gyrus (Amassian, Ross, Wertenbaker, & Weiner, 1972;Glassman & Glassman, 1977;Villablanca, Marcus, Olmstead, & Avery, 1976;Welt, Aschoff, Kameda, & Brooks, 1967).Orientation towards stimulated points on the body surface also requires stereotyped stimulus-response relationships, but the neural wiring problem for orientation-localization is more complex than that for contact placing because the muscles needed to This study was supported in part by a grant from the National Science Foundation. I thank Doris E. Cook and Jill R. Olassman for their excellent histological work. Correspondence should be addressed to: Robert B. Glassman, Department of Psychology, Lake Forest College, Lake Forest, Illinois 6004S. 47 move the cat's face towards a stimulated point on the body are not, in general, near that point. Moreover, the relative contributions to the movement by members of the same set of muscles vary depending on which point is stimulated.Behavioral and physiological data have indicated that the following brain areas are among those that participate in orientation-localization behaviors:

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Dissociation of vertical and horizontal components of somesthetic orientation-localization during recovery from cortical damage: Implication regarding central associative functions

Glassman

1983

Psychobiology

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“…Rather, only the number of occurrences of grooming per unit time was examined. In prior studies, we determined that the adult cat spends 67% of its nonsleeping, nonresting time engaged in grooming behavior (Trulson, 1976). The large increase in grooming behavior following LSD administration appears to be due to the general disjunctiveness of behavior following drug administration.…”

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Ontogeny of the behavioral effects of lysergic acid diethylamide in cats

Trulson

Howell

1984

Developmental Psychobiology

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The ontogeny of the behavioral effects of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) was examined in cats between the ages of 4 and 112 days postpartum. The kittens showed little LSD-induced behavioral change prior to 14 days of age. By the age of 21 days, however, the kittens exhibited many of the behavioral signs characteristic of LSD-induced behaviors in adult cats. These behaviors include limb-flicking, abortive grooming, head-shakes, grooming, and investigatory responses. In general, these behaviors began at a low frequency of occurrence, then increased rapidly with advancing age, reaching adult values by approximately 35-40 days of age, and remained relatively constant through 112 days postpartum. The time course for the behavioral effects following an acute injection of LSD showed the adult pattern, i.e., persisting for approximately 8 hr post-injection, from their earliest appearance during ontogeny. Young kittens (21-42 days of age) were resistant to the development of tolerance following repeated administration of the drug. LSD was capable of eliciting certain behaviors, such as head-shakes and grooming, well in advance of the age at which they normally appear spontaneously. This indicates that the neuronal and musculature substrata are developed for the performance of these behaviors long before the kitten naturally employs them.

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Fluid shear stress as a mediator of osteoblast cyclic adenosine monophosphate production

Reich

Frangos

1990

Journal Cellular Physiology

319

145

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Effects of interstitial fluid flow on osteoblasts were investigated. Intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels were monitored in cultured osteoblasts subjected to shear rates ranging from 10 to 3,500 sec-1. Cyclic AMP levels were significantly increased at all shear rates from 1 pmole/mg protein to 10-16 pmole/mg protein. Osteoblasts subjected to a shear rate of 430 sec-1 for 0.5-15 minutes exhibited elevated levels (12-fold) of intracellular cAMP, which were sustained throughout the perfusion period. Osteoblasts were three times more sensitive to flow stimulation than human umbilical vein endothelial cells and baby hamster kidney fibroblasts, which also displayed higher cAMP levels (4-fold) after exposure to flow. To distinguish streaming potential effects from shear stress effects, viscosity was increased 5-fold by addition of neutral dextran to the perfusing medium. Shear stress is a function of viscosity, and streaming potentials are not for a given shear rate. The mechanism of this cellular response to flow was shown to be shear stress dependent. Inhibition of cyclooxygenase by 20 microM ibuprofen completely inhibited the flow-dependent cAMP response, indicating the cAMP response is mediated by prostaglandins. Our results suggest that fluid flow induced by mechanical stress may be an important mediator of bone remodeling.

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Biological bases for the integration of appetitive and consummatory grooming behaviors in the cat: A review

Cited by 8 publications

References 35 publications

Dissociation of vertical and horizontal components of somesthetic orientation-localization during recovery from cortical damage: Implication regarding central associative functions

Dissociation of vertical and horizontal components of somesthetic orientation-localization during recovery from cortical damage: Implication regarding central associative functions

Ontogeny of the behavioral effects of lysergic acid diethylamide in cats

Fluid shear stress as a mediator of osteoblast cyclic adenosine monophosphate production

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