Biological, biochemical and molecular aspects of Scedosporium aurantiacum, a primary and opportunistic fungal pathogen

Nevalainen, Helena; Kaur, Jashanpreet; Han, Zhiping; Kautto, Liisa; Ramsperger, Marc; Meyer, Wieland; Chen, Sharon C.-A.

doi:10.1016/j.fbr.2018.03.001

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…2). Our result is in accordance with previous works reported for S. boydii, S. apiospermum, and S. aurantiacum, in which after 4 h of interaction with different mammalian cells, nongerminated conidia were the predominantly adhered fungal morphotypes [7,11,14,19]. Conidia of A. fumigatus also started to germinate after approximately 4 h of in vivo infection using a murine experimental model [21]; whereas in in vitro contact with endothelial cell lines, resting conidia of A. fumigatus only start to germinate after 8 h [22].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

“…1). Nevalainen et al [19] also described a faster attachment of S. aurantiacum to A549 cells compared with other species, like A. fumigatus and S. boydii, with 75-80% of conidia bound to A549 cells after 4 h. In addition, our results revealed that after 4 h of interaction, there was a vast predominance of conidia and a small percentage, approximately 15%, of (Fig. 2).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 73%

“…In this sense, the whole genome transcriptional profiling of A549 cells after 8 h of interaction with S. aurantiacum and A. fumigatus showed several genes that are differentially expressed in comparison with non-infected cells. This highlights the increase in levels of transcripts from genes associated with wound healing, cell repair, and protective response, like genes that encode the chemokines IL-6, IL-8, IL-11, TNF-α, and MUC5, a gene involved in mucin production that indicates the initiation of mucociliary clearance [19,20,26]. In addition, a fibrous-like network secreted by A549 cells surrounding S. apiospermum conidia was previously observed through scanning electron microscopy [7].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 55%

“…The PRMs also mediate the in vitro adhesion between L. prolificans conidia and mouse peritoneal macrophages [16]. The conidial adhesion followed by its germination was also observed during the in vitro interaction events of S. apiospermum, S. boydii, and S. aurantiacum with lung epithelial cells (A549), lung fibroblasts (MRC-5), and mouse macrophages (RAW 264.7 line) [7,14,19,20]. Interesting studies were also conducted with peritoneal macrophages and polymorphonuclear cells in an effort to investigate the immune responses against Scedosporium/Lomentospora species [10,12,15].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

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Insights into the interaction of Scedosporium apiospermum, Scedosporium aurantiacum, Scedosporium minutisporum, and Lomentospora prolificans with lung epithelial cells

et al. 2019

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Scedosporium spp. and Lomentospora prolificans are filamentous fungi that emerged as human pathogens; however, their mechanisms of virulence/pathogenesis are still largely unknown. In the present work, we have evaluated the interaction of S. apiospermum, S. minutisporum, S. aurantiacum, and L. prolificans with lung epithelial cells (A549 line). The results showed that conidia were able to interact with A549 cells, displaying association indexes of 73.20, 117.98, 188.01, and 241.63 regarding S. apiospermum, L. prolificans, S. minutisporum, and S. aurantiacum, respectively. Light microscopy images evidenced morphological changes in epithelial cells, including rounding and detachment, especially during the interaction with L. prolificans. Plasma membrane injuries were detected in A549 cells after 1 h of co-culturing with S. aurantiacum and S. minutisporum and after 4 h with S. apiospermum and L. prolificans, as judged by the passive incorporation of propidium iodide. After 24 h of fungi-epithelial cells interaction, only mycelia were observed covering the A549 monolayer. Interestingly, the mycelial trap induced severe damage in the A549 cells, culminating in epithelial cell death. Our results demonstrate some relevant events that occur during the contact between lung epithelial cells and Scedosporium/ Lomentospora species, including conidial adhesion and hyphal growth with consequent irreversible injury on A549 cells, adding light to the infection process caused by these opportunistic and multidrug-resistant fungi.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 73%

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 55%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Insights into the interaction of Scedosporium apiospermum, Scedosporium aurantiacum, Scedosporium minutisporum, and Lomentospora prolificans with lung epithelial cells

et al. 2019

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“…Scedosporium spp. have been found at relatively high frequency in environments of high human activity in Australia, Austria and other parts of Europe (reviewed in 5 ), which increases the likelihood of acquiring S. aurantiacum infection. The small size of S. aurantiacum conidia (2–5 µm) can allow them to easily enter the respiratory tract via inhalation and traverse to the innermost areas of the lungs 6 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions of an Emerging Fungal Pathogen Scedosporium aurantiacum with Human Lung Epithelial Cells

Kaur

Kautto

Penesyan

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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Scedosporium fungi are found in various natural and host-associated environments, including the lungs of cystic fibrosis patients. However, their role in infection development remains underexplored. Here the attachment of conidia of a virulent S. aurantiacum strain WM 06.482 onto the human lung epithelial A549 cells in vitro was visualized using microscopy to examine the initial steps of infection. We showed that 75–80% of fungal conidia were bound to the A549 cells within four hours of co-incubation, and started to produce germ tubes. The germinating conidia seemed to invade the cells through the intercellular space, no intracellular uptake of fungal conidia by the airway epithelial cells after conidial attachment. Transcriptomic analysis of the A549 cells revealed that the up-regulated genes were mainly associated with cell repair and inflammatory processes indicating a protective response against S. aurantiacum infection. Network analysis of the differentially expressed genes showed activation of the innate immune system (NF-kB pathway) leading to the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. We believe this is the first report showing the transcriptomic response of human alveolar epithelial cells exposed to S. aurantiacum conidia paving a way for better understanding of the mechanism of the infection process.

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Growth and protease secretion of Scedosporium aurantiacum under conditions of hypoxia

Han

Kautto

Meyer

et al. 2018

Microbiological Research

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Biological, biochemical and molecular aspects of Scedosporium aurantiacum, a primary and opportunistic fungal pathogen

Cited by 5 publications

References 85 publications

Insights into the interaction of Scedosporium apiospermum, Scedosporium aurantiacum, Scedosporium minutisporum, and Lomentospora prolificans with lung epithelial cells

Insights into the interaction of Scedosporium apiospermum, Scedosporium aurantiacum, Scedosporium minutisporum, and Lomentospora prolificans with lung epithelial cells

Interactions of an Emerging Fungal Pathogen Scedosporium aurantiacum with Human Lung Epithelial Cells

Growth and protease secretion of Scedosporium aurantiacum under conditions of hypoxia

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