Biological Characterization of Marssonina coronaria Associated with Apple Blotch Disease

Abstract

Marssonina coronaria associated with apple blotch disease causes severe premature defoliation, and is widely distributed in Korea. Thirteen isolates were collected from orchards located in Gyeongbuk Province from 2005~2007. All isolates displayed over 99.6% and 99.2% sequence similarity to each other in internal transcribed spacer regions and partial sequences of 28S rDNA, respectively. The isolates were phylogenetically closely related to Chinese isolates. Selected isolates did not differ in their pathogenicity. The optimum conditions for fungal growth were 20℃ and pH 6 on peptone potato dextrose agar (PPDA). Peptone and mannose were the best nitrogen and carbon source, respectively. Fungal growth was better on PPDA than on common potato dextrose agar. This study provides valuable information for integrated disease management program and facilitates the routine culturing of M. coronaria.

Marssonina Leaf Blotch on the Apple Orchard in Batu, Indonesia

“…Conidia, obovoid, hyaline, a septate, ranged between 14.8-21 x 3.5-5.3 µm in size. This characteristic is similar to M. coronaria that described by Lee et al (2011), however there are differences in the size of the conidia. When conidia were germinated in sterile water medium on a glass slide convex, then within six hours, it formed germ tubes.…”

“…Similar results are presented by Zhao et al (2010) show that the potato carrot dextrose broth(PCDB) and potato carrot broth sucrose (PCSB) are suitable for M. coronaria (teleomorph: Diplocarpon mali) in cases of mycelial growth and production of conidia. Meanwhile the results of Lee et al (2011) shows the highest mycelial growth is observed on mannose and bacto-peptone amended media with colonies 9.0 and 18.5 mm in diameter resulted by using the carbon and nitrogen sources. Pyridoxine and biotin are the best vitamins, while FeSO4 and FeCl3 are the best mineral salt sources for mycelial growth to produce the highest dry mycelial weight.…”

“…Recently, the planting area is decreasing because of leaf blotch disease that can produce yield loss up to a hundred percent. Leaf blotch caused by Marssonina coronaria was reported in Italy (Tamietti and Matta, 2003;EPPO, 2013), India (Sharma et al, 2004) and South Korea (Lee et al, 2011).…”

Occurrence and Analysis of Apple Blotch-like Symptoms on Apple Leaves

“…Apple blotch diseases caused by M. coronaria have been reported in many countries including Korea (Lee and Shin, 2000;Sharma, 2000;Tamietti and Matta, 2003;Lee et al, 2011). Furthermore, Korean isolates were very similar to Japanese and Chinese isolates, where the disease has caused a significant production problem over the past few years (Lee et al, 2011). According to previous reports, the leaves are the main photosynthetic organs in plants, and as such, are closely associated with photosynthetic function.…”

“…However, among these diseases the mosteconomically important in Korean orchards are apple blotch and alternaria leaf spot (Lee et al, 2007). Apple blotch diseases caused by M. coronaria have been reported in many countries including Korea (Lee and Shin, 2000;Sharma, 2000;Tamietti and Matta, 2003;Lee et al, 2011). Furthermore, Korean isolates were very similar to Japanese and Chinese isolates, where the disease has caused a significant production problem over the past few years (Lee et al, 2011).…”