Biological Considerations of Optical Interfaces for Neuromodulation

Hart, William L.; Kameneva, Tatiana; Wise, Andrew K.; Stoddart, Paul R.

doi:10.1002/adom.201900385

Cited by 21 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 280 publications

(469 reference statements)

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“…Importantly, this approach is well-suited to quantifying gradual neuronal damage, and threshold behaviour is not required. Therefore the methods described here are likely to be useful for determining the safety of the many less-invasive techniques for neural stimulation that are currently emerging [1,2].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Artificial stimulation of neurons constitutes the backbone of investigative electrophysiology and translational neuroscience. Whilst direct-contact electrical stimulation remains the gold standard in neural prosthesis design, novel stimulation methods such as optogenetics, infrared stimulation, acoustic stimulation and magnetic stimulation have the potential to be less invasive, whilst offering improved spatial and temporal resolution [1,2]. Evaluating the safe operating parameters of these techniques is essential for their clinical translation, and typically relies on histological analysis of the target cells or fluorescence staining using dye assays ex situ.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thermal damage threshold of neurons during infrared stimulation

Brown

Needham

Begeng

et al. 2020

Biomed. Opt. Express

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In infrared neural stimulation (INS), laser-evoked thermal transients are used to generate small depolarising currents in neurons. The laser exposure poses a moderate risk of thermal damage to the target neuron. Indeed, exogenous methods of neural stimulation often place the target neurons under stressful non-physiological conditions, which can hinder ordinary neuronal function and hasten cell death. Therefore, quantifying the exposure-dependent probability of neuronal damage is essential for identifying safe operating limits of INS and other interventions for therapeutic and prosthetic use. Using patch-clamp recordings in isolated spiral ganglion neurons, we describe a method for determining the dose-dependent damage probabilities of individual neurons in response to both acute and cumulative infrared exposure parameters based on changes in injection current. The results identify a local thermal damage threshold at approximately 60°C, which is in keeping with previous literature and supports the claim that damage during INS is a purely thermal phenomenon. In principle this method can be applied to any potentially injurious stimuli, allowing for the calculation of a wide range of dose-dependent neural damage probabilities. Unlike histological analyses, the technique is well-suited to quantifying gradual neuronal damage, and critical threshold behaviour is not required.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal damage threshold of neurons during infrared stimulation

Brown

Needham

Begeng

et al. 2020

Biomed. Opt. Express

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“…This approach is widely known as optogenetic stimulation and utilizes optical radiation in the wavelengths from 450 to 600 nm. Optogenetic interfaces are characterized by increased spatial resolution in comparison with electrical ones, and present higher tolerance for unwanted stimulation artifacts that interfere with the desirable stimulation [11]. Aspired by this, in [6], the authors experimentally verified that optogenetic cochlear stimulation achieves increased temporal fidelity with low-light intensities.…”

Section: A State Of the Art And Motivationmentioning

confidence: 89%

All-Optical Cochlear Implants

Trevlakis¹,

Boulogeorgos²,

Chatzidiamantis³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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In the present work, we introduce a novel cochlear implant (CI) architecture, namely all-optical CI (AOCI), which directly converts acoustic to optical signals capable of stimulating the cochlear neurons. First, we describe the building-blocks (BBs) of the AOCI, and explain their functionalities as well as their interconnections. Next, we present a comprehensive system model that incorporates the technical characteristics and constraints of each BB, the transdermal-optical-channel particularities, i.e. optical path-loss and external-implanted device stochastic pointingerrors, and the cochlear neurons biological properties. Additionally, in order to prove the feasibility of the AOCI architecture, we conduct a link-budget analysis that outputs novel closed-form expressions for the instantaneous and average photon flux that is emitted on the cochlear neurons. Likewise, we define three new key-performance-indicators (KPIs), namely probability of hearing, probability of false-hearing, and probability of neural damage. The proposed theoretical framework is verified through respective simulations, which not only quantify the efficiency of the proposed architecture, but also reveal an equilibrium between the optical transmission power and the patient's safety, as well as the AOCI BBs specifications. Finally, it is highlighted that the AOCI approach is greener and safer than the conventional CIs.

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“…Infrared (IR) neuromodulation (INM) uses IR light pulses, typically in the wavelength range of 1400-2100 nm, to reversibly modulate neuronal and muscular activities without the need of introducing any exogenous chemical or genetic mediators [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] . It has multiple advantages over electrical stimulation, which include high spatial and temporal precision, contact-free modulation, and being compatible with magnetic resonance imaging.…”

Section: Bidirectional Modulation Of Evoked Synaptic Transmission By ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Bidirectional modulation of evoked synaptic transmission by pulsed infrared light

Zhu

Lin

Sander

2022

Sci Rep

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Infrared (IR) neuromodulation (INM) has been demonstrated as a novel modulation modality of neuronal excitability. However, the effects of pulsed IR light on synaptic transmission have not been investigated systematically. In this report, the IR light (2 μm) is used to directly modulate evoked synaptic transmission at the crayfish opener neuromuscular junction. The extracellularly recorded terminal action potentials (tAPs) and evoked excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) modulated by localized IR light illumination (500 ms, 3–13 mW) aimed at the synapses are analyzed. The impact of a single IR light pulse on the presynaptic Ca2+ influx is monitored with Ca2+ indicators. The EPSC amplitude is enhanced, and its rising phase is accelerated under relatively low IR light power levels and localized temperature rises. Increasing the IR light power reversibly suppresses and eventually blocks the EPSCs. Meanwhile, the synaptic delay, tAP amplitude, and presynaptic Ca2+ influx decrease monotonously with higher IR light power. It is demonstrated for the first time that IR light illumination has bidirectional effects on evoked synaptic transmission. These results highlight the efficacy and flexibility of using pulsed IR light to directly control synaptic transmission and advance our understanding of INM of neural networks.

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Biological Considerations of Optical Interfaces for Neuromodulation

Cited by 21 publications

References 280 publications

Thermal damage threshold of neurons during infrared stimulation

Thermal damage threshold of neurons during infrared stimulation

All-Optical Cochlear Implants

Bidirectional modulation of evoked synaptic transmission by pulsed infrared light

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