Biological control of crofton weed, Ageratina adenophora (Asteraceae), in South Africa

Kluge, R. L.

doi:10.1016/0167-8809(91)90146-o

Cited by 41 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Experiments by Hong-bang et al (2007) showed the great ecological plasticity of this species and its biological strategy (also involving allelopathy) in invading new ecosystems. A. adenophora already revealed as a noxious invasive in Chinese forests (Hong-bang et al 2007), Australia (Parsons 1992), South Africa (Kluge 1991, Heystek et al 2011, Hawaii Islands (Barreto & Evans 1988, PIER 2011) and California (Fuller 1981): it is named "banmara" (i.e., "killer of the forests") in Nepal (Sharma & Chhetri 1977). Its worst threat potential is the competition with the native species, the alteration of soil chemistry, the soil depletion, and the toxicity for cattle (Parsons 1992, Chen et al 2011).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ageratina Adenophora (Asteraceae) New Species to the Italian Alien Flora and Observations on Its Environmental Threats

Guacchio¹

2013

Hacquetia

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Ageratina adenophora is recorded for the first time in Italy (Campania region). Its naturalization status and ecology are discussed, also providing a morphological comparison with the related taxa (both occurring in Italy) A. ligustrina and Eupatorium cannabinum. Some remarks on potential threats for habitat and native flora are provided as well. Key words: Ageratina Spach, Alien flora, Ecological impact, Eupatorieae Cass., Italy. IzvlečekPojavljanje vrste Ageratina adenophora smo zabeležili prvič v Italiji (regija Campania). Obravnavamo njen status naturalizacije in ekologijo, obenem pa podajamo tudi morfološko primerjavo s sorodnima vrstama A. ligustrina in Eupatorium cannabinum, ki se pojavljata v Italiji. Dodatno smo izpostavili potencialno ogrože-nost habitatov in avtohtone flore.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ageratina Adenophora (Asteraceae) New Species to the Italian Alien Flora and Observations on Its Environmental Threats

Guacchio¹

2013

Hacquetia

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“…Various management strategies have been studied worldwide to control E. adenophorum including mechanical, chemical and biological approaches (Bess & Haramoto 1959;Hoy 1960;Dodd 1961;Bennett & Staden 1986;Zhang et al 1988;Morris 1989Morris , 1991Kluge 1991;Rahman & Agalwal 1991;. Mechanical methods and chemical herbicides can control the weed but their uses are impractical and expensive, especially in the uncultivated habitats.…”

Section: Mycelium Of Alternaria Alternata As a Potential Biological Cmentioning

confidence: 98%

Mycelium ofAlternaria alternataas a potential biological control agent forEupatorium adenophorum

Qiang

Zhu

Summerell

et al. 2006

Biocontrol Science and Technology

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The fungus, Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissler Strain 501, has been evaluated as a bioherbicide for control of Eupatorium adenophorum Spreng., but the biology of the pathogen Áhost interaction and the optimal environmental conditions for disease development and effective weed control are unknown. Disease development of A. alternata Strain 501 mycelia on E. adenophorum was assessed under several factors including pathogen inoculum concentration, plant age, dew period duration, post-dew temperature, storage temperature and duration. The minimum inoculum concentration required to kill E. adenophorum seedlings was 3.2 )/10 6 mycelial fragment mL (1 . E. adenophorum seedlings at the four-leaf-pair stage were more susceptible than the older plants, especially those at the older than seven-leaf-pair stage. With a dew period of at least 14 h, 100% mortality occurred. The optimal post-dew temperature for disease development was 18 Á258C. Storage at B/48C maintained the infectivity of A. alternata strain 501 mycelia on E. adenophorum longer. Using light and scanning electron microscopy to examine the infection process of A. alternata Strain 501 mycelia, it was shown that the time from initiation to completion of infection with mycelia was much shorter (14 h) than with conidia (72 h). It was further shown that mycelial infection occurred predominately through direct penetration at intercellular junctions, while conidial infection occurred predominately through stomatal penetration. This suggests that mycelia are more suitable as infection propagules for A. alternata strain 501 in a bioherbicide for the control of E. adenophorum .

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“…], which is a perennial semi-shrub native to Mexico and Costa Rica that has invaded more than 30 countries and regions in the tropical and subtropical zones of the world, such as America, Australia, New Zealand, southern Africa, India and China [41]–[44]. The species can create monospecific stands and is considered a serious threat to biodiversity and ecosystem function [41], [43]–[46]. In the field, Crofton weed is much taller and more abundant than most of the co-occurring species in invaded communities (Xianming Gao, Personal observation).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Linking Trait Differences to Community Dynamics: Evidence from Eupatorium adenophorum and Co-Occurring Native Species during a Three-Year Succession

et al. 2013

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Trait differences between invasive and native species are believed to be closely related to whether the former are successful. However, few studies have measured trait differences between invasive and native species directly under field conditions or during long term experiments. We examined the phenological pattern, plant height and biomass accumulation and allocation of Crofton weed (Eupatorium adenophorum Spreng.) and co-occurring native species in a community during a three-year succession. The phenological pattern of Crofton weed differed from that of co-occurring native species. Crofton weed had longer vegetative stage (when resources were more available), a higher biomass accumulation and a higher above/below-ground ratio compared to native species. Crofton weed was shorter than grasses and two forbs (Artemisia tangutica and Cynoglossum amabile) during its first year of growth, but was significantly taller than all other species during subsequent years. The dominance (calculated as the importance value) of Crofton weed was the highest among all other species and continually increased over time while the dominance of co-occurring native species decreased. This study provides direct field evidence that trait differences are important to plant invasion.

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Biological control of crofton weed, Ageratina adenophora (Asteraceae), in South Africa

Cited by 41 publications

References 2 publications

Ageratina Adenophora (Asteraceae) New Species to the Italian Alien Flora and Observations on Its Environmental Threats

Ageratina Adenophora (Asteraceae) New Species to the Italian Alien Flora and Observations on Its Environmental Threats

Mycelium ofAlternaria alternataas a potential biological control agent forEupatorium adenophorum

Linking Trait Differences to Community Dynamics: Evidence from Eupatorium adenophorum and Co-Occurring Native Species during a Three-Year Succession

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